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PTA - Therapeutic Procedures > PTA145-Unit2-Cold Modalities > Flashcards

PTA145-Unit2-Cold Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

List the 6 indications for Ice Pack

A
  • acute injury or inflammation
  • acute or chronic pain
  • prevention of swelling
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • neuralgia
  • CNS spasticity
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2
Q

List the 6 contraindications for Ice Pack

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • circulatory insufficiency
  • cold allergy or hypersensitivity
  • anesthetized skin
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • cardiovascular disease
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3
Q

List the 4 precautions for Ice Pack

A
  • cardiac or respiratory involvement
  • application over large superficial nerves
  • signs of nerve dysfunction, tingling, unwanted reaction
  • if vascular insufficiency, check for frostbite
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4
Q

What is the treatment duration for Ice Pack?

A

20 minutes

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5
Q

List steps to prepare Ice Pack.

A

fill bag 2/3 with ice
squish out the air
tie a knot

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6
Q

List the 6 indications for Commercial Cold Pack

A
  • acute injury or inflammation
  • acute or chronic pain
  • prevention of swelling
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • neuralgia
  • CNS spasticity
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7
Q

List the 7 contraindications for Commercial Cold Pack

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • circulatory insufficiency
  • cold allergy or hypersensitivity
  • anesthetized skin
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • cardiovascular disease
  • avoid use around face, eyes, sensitive areas
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8
Q

List the 5 precautions for Commercial Cold Pack

A
  • cardiac or respiratory involvement
  • application over large superficial nerves
  • signs of nerve dysfunction, tingling, unwanted reaction
  • because of antifreeze, check for frostbite
  • pack contents can cause chemical burns
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9
Q

What is the treatment duration for Commercial Cold Pack?

A

continuous - 20-30 minutes

intermittent - 10 minutes on, 10 minutes off

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10
Q

How is Commercial Cold Pack prepared?

A

wrap pack in a towel so that one layer of towel is between pack and patient’s exposed skin

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11
Q

List the 7 indications for Cold Compression Therapy

A
  • acute injury or inflammation
  • acute or chronic pain
  • prevention of swelling
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • neuralgia
  • CNS spasticity
  • post surgery/post traumatic injury
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12
Q

List the 6 contraindications for Cold Compression Therapy

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • circulatory insufficiency
  • cold allergy or hypersensitivity
  • anesthetized skin
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • cardiovascular disease
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13
Q

List the 4 precautions for Cold Compression Therapy

A
  • cardiac or respiratory involvement
  • application over large superficial nerves
  • signs of nerve dysfunction, tingling, unwanted reaction
  • application over elastic wrap can be too much pressure
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14
Q

What is the treatment duration for Cold Compression Therapy?

A

20-30 minutes

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15
Q

How is Cold Compression Therapy prepared?

A

ice and water
32-65
set timer
set compression to low at first
set to one snowflake and make colder as needed
apply straps for tighter at distal, looser at proximal - knee

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16
Q

List the 8 indications for Ice Massage

A
  • acute or chronic pain
  • subacute injury or inflammation
  • need to reduce muscle spasms
  • do prior to ROM exercises
  • as trigger point therapy
  • muscle strains
  • contusions
  • need rapid cooling of the skin
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17
Q

List the 6 contraindications for Ice Massage

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • circulatory insufficiency
  • cold allergy or hypersensitivity
  • when pressure is contraindicated
  • suspected fractures
  • (table 5-2)
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18
Q

List the 1 precaution for Ice Massage

A

anesthetized skin

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19
Q

What is the treatment duration for Ice Massage?

A

5-15 minutes or
until the skin is numb or
the ice melts

20
Q

How is Ice Massage prepared?

A

ice in cup or
ice in a ball in a towel
massage area not much bigger than the ice ball
4x4 cm area

21
Q

How is Ice Towel prepared?

A 
layer of ice in the tub
some towel
some more ice
like lasagne
end with ice on top
apply to pt with plastic wrap so it doesn't drip; put  towels everywhere
22
Q

What is the treatment duration for Ice Towel?

A

10 minutes for pain, spasm

20-30 minutes for neuro patients

23
Q

How is Ice Immersion prepared?

A

tub with ice water at 50-60 degrees F

*higher temp for bigger body part

24
Q

What is the treatment duration for Ice Immersion?

A

10-15 minutes

25
Q

List the 4 indications for Ice Immersion

A
  • acute injury or inflammation
  • acute, chronic, post surgical pain
  • prior to ROM exercise
  • irregular surface
26
Q

List the 6 contraindications for Ice Immersion

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • circulatory insufficiency
  • cold allergy or hypersensitivity
  • absolute inability to tolerate the cold temperature
  • cardiac or respiratory involvement
  • (table 5-2)
27
Q

List the 5 precautions for Ice Immersion

A
  • anesthetized skin
  • is very uncomfortable, may need toe caps
  • avoid immerse and withdraw - increases duration of pain
  • anti-gravity position may increase swelling
  • subcutaneous nerves may need slightly higher temp and more checking
28
Q

How is Cold Whirlpool prepared?

A 
50-65 degrees F
temperature increased for bigger part
check temperature first
chair safety
test air flow bits
intensity to pt discretion
29
Q

What is the treatment duration for Cold Whirlpool?

A

10-15 minutes

30
Q

List the 5 indications for Cold Whirlpool

A
  • decreased range of motion
  • subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
  • promoting muscular relaxation
  • decreasing pain and muscle spasm
  • peripheral nerve injuries (but avoid extreme temps)
31
Q

List the 5 contraindications for Cold Whirlpool

A
  • acute conditions where turbulence would irritate
  • acute conditions where limb would be gravity dependent
  • patients requiring postural support
  • skin conditions in spa-type tubs
  • (table 5-2)
32
Q

List the 8 precautions for Cold Whirlpool

A
  • keep switch out of patient reach
  • keep patient in view of staff
  • may decrease temp gradually maybe for cold
  • gravity-dependent and increased circulation may increase edema
  • flowing water may nauseate patient
  • patients under influence drugs at risk losing consciousness
  • patients with seizure disorder or heart disease at risk losing consciousness
  • patients suffering respiratory disease may have impaired breathing with full immersion
33
Q

How is Contrast Therapy prepared?

A 
one tub, hot 105-110 degrees F
one tub, cold 50-60 degrees F
two thermometers
two timers
towels
bell within reach of pt
tubs close to pt
extra ice and warm water for temperature maintenance
34
Q

What is the treatment duration of the cold immersion for Contrast Therapy?

A

1-2 minutes

35
Q

What is the treatment duration of the hot immersion for Contrast Therapy?

A

3-4 minutes

36
Q

For Contrast Therapy, how do you know whether to end on hot or cold?

A

If vasoconstriction is desired, end on cold.

If vasodilation and relaxation are desired, end on hot.

37
Q

What are the primary effects of Contract Therapy?

A

alternating periods of vasoconstriction and vasodilation of cutaneous vessels

38
Q

List the 4 indications for Contrast Therapy

A
  • subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
  • impaired circulation (monitor patient closely)
  • pain reduction
  • increasing joint ROM
39
Q

List the 5 contraindications for Contrast Therapy

A
  • acute injuries
  • hypersensitivity to cold
  • contraindications relative to whirlpool use
  • contraindications relative to cold applications
  • contraindications relative to heat applications
40
Q

List the 3 precautions for Contrast Therapy

A
  • same as for whirlpool
  • neoprene toe cap
  • edema and gravity
41
Q

List the primary effects for cold packs (ice pack, CCT, commercial cold pack) - acute pathology

A
  • decreases cell metabolism, reducing the amount of secondary hypoxic injury
  • with compression and elevation, limits the formation of edema
42
Q

List the primary effects for cold packs (ice pack, CCT, commercial cold pack) - other than acute

A
  • decreased metabolism reduces the release of inflammatory mediators and cellular by-products
  • decreases pain by slowing nerve conduction velocity and increasing the threshold of nerve endings
  • causes local vasoconstriction
43
Q

List the primary effects for Ice Massage

A
  • decreases the sensitivity of cutaneous nerve receptors
  • decreases pain
  • breaks pain-spasm-pain cycle
44
Q

List the primary effects for Ice Immersion

A
  • decreases cell metabolism, reducing the amount of secondary hypoxic injury
  • decreased metabolism reduces the release of inflammatory mediators and cellular by-products
  • decreases pain by slowing nerve conduction velocity and increasing the threshold of nerve endings
  • causes local vasoconstriction
45
Q

List the primary effects for whirlpool

A
  • provides a supportive medium for range of motion exercises
  • the water provides resistance to rapid motions
  • agitation and aeration of the water causes sedation, analgesia and increased blood flow
  • also includes all the effects of hot and cold treatments
  • cold whirlpool treatments result in longer lasting cooling of intramuscular tissue

PTA - Therapeutic Procedures (10 decks)

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