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PTA - Therapeutic Procedures > PTA145-Unit2-Aquatic Therapy > Flashcards

PTA145-Unit2-Aquatic Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 properties of water?

A
  • buoyancy
  • specific gravity
  • hydrostatic pressure
  • resistance
  • specific heat
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2
Q

what is Archimede’s Principle?

A

Archimedes’ principle states that an immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced.

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3
Q

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to C7?

A

10%

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4
Q

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to the xiphoid process?

A

33%

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5
Q

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to the ASIS?

A

50%

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6
Q

name three clinical effects of Buoyancy

A
  • provides resistance when an extremity is moved against the force of it
  • fully inflated lungs increase it
  • deflated lungs decrease it
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7
Q

define Specific Gravity

A

weight of a particular substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water

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8
Q

what is the relationship of Specific Gravity to Density?

A

Specific Gravity is Density Dependent

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9
Q

what is the Specific Gravity of the human body?

A

.87 - .97

human body floats just below the surface of the water

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10
Q

describe the specific gravity of Adipose Tissue

A

Adipose Tissue has Low Specific Gravity

- it Floats!

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11
Q

describe the specific gravity of Muscle Tissue

A

Muscle Tissue has higher specific gravity

- it Sinks!

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12
Q

list some considerations for Specific Gravity

A
  • might need buoyancy-assisted devices
  • men tend to require buoyancy-assisted devices
  • due to larger bones, lower extremities tend to sink more than upper extremities
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13
Q

what produces Resistance?

A

the water’s viscosity

- water has a higher viscosity than air, therefore increased resistance as compared to air

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14
Q

name two variables that affect Resistance

A
  1. speed of the motion (faster motion = increased resistance)
  2. proportion of the body (or limb) that is immersed (increased surface area = increased resistance)
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15
Q

define Hydrostatic Pressure

A

the pressure exerted by water on an object immersed in the water

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16
Q

what is Pascal’s Law?

A

Pascal’s law states that the pressure exerted by fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object. (As the density of water and depth of immersion increase, so does hydrostatic pressure.)

17
Q

what is the force of hydrostatic pressure?

A

0.73 mmHG /cm

18
Q

at the surface the Hydrostatic Pressure is ___

A

lower

19
Q

at the distal extremity, and therefore deeper, the Hydrostatic Pressure ___

A

higher

20
Q

list some effects of Hydrostatic Pressure

A
  • exercise is easier closer to the surface
  • assists in venous return
  • reduces heart rate
  • centralizes peripheral blood flow
  • controls inflammation with exercise
21
Q

define Specific Heat

A

amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a unit of mass by 1 degree Celsius

22
Q

compared to air-based agents, what is the rate of heat transfer in water?

A

water transfers heat to/from a body FASTER than air-based agents

23
Q

compared to air-base thermal agents, therapeutic water temperatures are ___

A

lower

24
Q

what is the relationship between specific heat and velocity in the water?

A

a person moving through water loses body temperature faster than a person immersed and resting in water

25
Q

at what water temperature is a person unable to maintain core warmth?

A

77 degrees F

26
Q

at what water temperature may exercise be harmful?

A

99 degrees F (as cardiac demands are increased)

27
Q

name three goals of warm water as a therapeutic heat agent

A
  • elevate pain threshold
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • increase Tissue temperature rise
28
Q

name the 9 goals of Aquatic Therapy

A
  • facilitate ROM
  • initiate resistance training
  • facilitate weight bearing activities
  • enhance delivery of manual techniques
  • provide 3 dimensional access to the patient
  • facilitate CV exercise
  • initiate functional activity replication
  • minimize risk of injury/re-injury
  • enhance patient relaxation
29
Q

list the 10 indications for use of Aquatic Therapy

A
  • RA
  • OA
  • CVA
  • SCI
  • MD
  • MS
  • Guillian Barre Syndrome
  • sprains
  • strains
  • post fracture
  • post orthopedic surgery
  • any condition where a patient may need more support or decreased compressive forces
30
Q

list the 5 precautions to use of Aquatic Therapy

A
  • fear of water
  • small open wounds & IV lines
  • cardiac dysfunction (angina, BP)
  • seizures
  • neurological disorders (ataxia, MS (>88))
31
Q

list the 9 contraindications to use of Aquatic Therapy

A
  • cardiac failure & unstable angina
  • respiratory dysfunction (vital capacity of less than 1L)
  • severe PVD
  • danger of bleeding or hemorrhage
  • severe kidney disease
  • open wounds, colostomy, skin infections
  • uncontrolled bowel or bladder
  • water & airborne infectious diseases
  • uncontrolled seizures
32
Q

what is the typical water temperature range for exercise interventions?

A

86 - 94 degrees F

33
Q

for general flexibility, strengthening, gait training, relaxation, the temperature range is ___

A

79 - 95 degrees F

34
Q

for cardiovascular training and aerobic exercises, the temperature range is ___

A

79 - 82 degrees F

35
Q

name two exercise intervention considerations for land and water

A
  1. assess patient on land first, then in the pool

2. combine aquatic and land-based exercise sessions for functional process

36
Q

name two deep water exercise considerations

A
  1. deep water is for Open Kinetic Chain (when feet don’t touch bottom of pool)
  2. in deep water, oxygen consumption is increased. good for athletes. bad for cardiac patient.
37
Q

at what level of water does one doe Closed Kinetic Chain exercised?

A
  1. midlevel for T12 - chin

2. shallow for knee - T12

38
Q

list 5 ways to maintain Infection Control

A
  • shower prior to entering pool
  • no open wounds or incontinent patients
  • filtration
    system that is chlorinated
  • therapeutic pool chlorination levels are checked daily
  • bacterial testing is performed regularly

PTA - Therapeutic Procedures (10 decks)

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