PTA145-Unit2-Aquatic Therapy

Question 1

what are the 5 properties of water?

Answer 1

• buoyancy
• specific gravity
• hydrostatic pressure
• resistance
• specific heat

Question 2

what is Archimede’s Principle?

Answer 2

Archimedes’ principle states that an immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced.

Question 3

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to C7?

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to the xiphoid process?

Answer 4

33%

Question 5

what is the percentage of weight bearing when the body is immersed up to the ASIS?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

name three clinical effects of Buoyancy

Answer 6

• provides resistance when an extremity is moved against the force of it
• fully inflated lungs increase it
• deflated lungs decrease it

Question 7

define Specific Gravity

Answer 7

weight of a particular substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water

Question 8

what is the relationship of Specific Gravity to Density?

Answer 8

Specific Gravity is Density Dependent

Question 9

what is the Specific Gravity of the human body?

Answer 9

.87 - .97

human body floats just below the surface of the water

Question 10

describe the specific gravity of Adipose Tissue

Answer 10

Adipose Tissue has Low Specific Gravity

- it Floats!

Question 11

describe the specific gravity of Muscle Tissue

Answer 11

Muscle Tissue has higher specific gravity

- it Sinks!

Question 12

list some considerations for Specific Gravity

Answer 12

• might need buoyancy-assisted devices
• men tend to require buoyancy-assisted devices
• due to larger bones, lower extremities tend to sink more than upper extremities

Question 13

what produces Resistance?

Answer 13

the water’s viscosity

- water has a higher viscosity than air, therefore increased resistance as compared to air

Question 14

name two variables that affect Resistance

Answer 14

1. speed of the motion (faster motion = increased resistance)
2. proportion of the body (or limb) that is immersed (increased surface area = increased resistance)

Question 15

define Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 15

the pressure exerted by water on an object immersed in the water

Question 16

what is Pascal’s Law?

Answer 16

Pascal’s law states that the pressure exerted by fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object. (As the density of water and depth of immersion increase, so does hydrostatic pressure.)

Question 17

what is the force of hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 17

0.73 mmHG /cm

Question 18

at the surface the Hydrostatic Pressure is ___

Answer 18

lower

Question 19

at the distal extremity, and therefore deeper, the Hydrostatic Pressure ___

Answer 19

higher

Question 20

list some effects of Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 20

• exercise is easier closer to the surface
• assists in venous return
• reduces heart rate
• centralizes peripheral blood flow
• controls inflammation with exercise

Question 21

define Specific Heat

Answer 21

amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a unit of mass by 1 degree Celsius

Question 22

compared to air-based agents, what is the rate of heat transfer in water?

Answer 22

water transfers heat to/from a body FASTER than air-based agents

Question 23

compared to air-base thermal agents, therapeutic water temperatures are ___

Answer 23

lower

Question 24

what is the relationship between specific heat and velocity in the water?

Answer 24

a person moving through water loses body temperature faster than a person immersed and resting in water

Question 25

at what water temperature is a person unable to maintain core warmth?

Answer 25

77 degrees F

Question 26

at what water temperature may exercise be harmful?

Answer 26

99 degrees F (as cardiac demands are increased)

Question 27

name three goals of warm water as a therapeutic heat agent

Answer 27

- elevate pain threshold - decrease muscle spasm - increase Tissue temperature rise

Question 28

name the 9 goals of Aquatic Therapy

Answer 28

- facilitate ROM - initiate resistance training - facilitate weight bearing activities - enhance delivery of manual techniques - provide 3 dimensional access to the patient - facilitate CV exercise - initiate functional activity replication - minimize risk of injury/re-injury - enhance patient relaxation

Question 29

list the 10 indications for use of Aquatic Therapy

Answer 29

- RA - OA - CVA - SCI - MD - MS - Guillian Barre Syndrome - sprains - strains - post fracture - post orthopedic surgery - any condition where a patient may need more support or decreased compressive forces

Question 30

list the 5 precautions to use of Aquatic Therapy

Answer 30

- fear of water - small open wounds & IV lines - cardiac dysfunction (angina, BP) - seizures - neurological disorders (ataxia, MS (>88))

Question 31

list the 9 contraindications to use of Aquatic Therapy

Answer 31

- cardiac failure & unstable angina - respiratory dysfunction (vital capacity of less than 1L) - severe PVD - danger of bleeding or hemorrhage - severe kidney disease - open wounds, colostomy, skin infections - uncontrolled bowel or bladder - water & airborne infectious diseases - uncontrolled seizures

Question 32

what is the typical water temperature range for exercise interventions?

Answer 32

86 - 94 degrees F

Question 33

for general flexibility, strengthening, gait training, relaxation, the temperature range is ___

Answer 33

79 - 95 degrees F

Question 34

for cardiovascular training and aerobic exercises, the temperature range is ___

Answer 34

79 - 82 degrees F

Question 35

name two exercise intervention considerations for land and water

Answer 35

1. assess patient on land first, then in the pool | 2. combine aquatic and land-based exercise sessions for functional process

Question 36

name two deep water exercise considerations

Answer 36

1. deep water is for Open Kinetic Chain (when feet don't touch bottom of pool) 2. in deep water, oxygen consumption is increased. good for athletes. bad for cardiac patient.

Question 37

at what level of water does one doe Closed Kinetic Chain exercised?

Answer 37

1. midlevel for T12 - chin | 2. shallow for knee - T12

Question 38

list 5 ways to maintain Infection Control

Answer 38

- shower prior to entering pool - no open wounds or incontinent patients - filtration system that is chlorinated - therapeutic pool chlorination levels are checked daily - bacterial testing is performed regularly