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PTA - Therapeutic Procedures > PTA145-Unit2-Heat Modalities > Flashcards

PTA145-Unit2-Heat Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

List temperatures used in Hot Whirlpool

A
  • range is 90-110 degrees F
  • for full body immersion, use 96-98 degrees F
  • for just LE, use 100 degrees F
  • for just UE, use 102 degrees F
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2
Q

What is the treatment duration for Hot Whirlpool?

A
  • initially 5-10 minutes

- increase up to 20-30 minutes

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3
Q

List the 5 indications for Hot Whirlpool

A
  • decreased range of motion
  • subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
  • promoting muscular relaxation
  • decreasing pain and muscle spasm
  • peripheral nerve injuries (but avoid extreme temps)
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4
Q

List the 6 contraindications for Hot Whirlpool

A
  • acute conditions where turbulence would irritate
  • acute conditions where limb would be gravity dependent
  • patients requiring postural support
  • skin conditions in spa-type tubs
  • fever
  • (see table 5-7)
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5
Q

List the 8 precautions for Hot Whirlpool

A
  • keep switch out of patient reach
  • keep patient in view of staff
  • may decrease temp gradually maybe for cold
  • gravity-dependent and increased circulation may increase edema
  • flowing water may nauseate patient
  • patients under influence drugs at risk losing consciousness
  • patients with seizure disorder or heart disease at risk losing consciousness
  • patients suffering respiratory disease may have impaired breathing with full immersion
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6
Q

List the 4 primary effects for Hot Whirlpool

A
  • provides a supportive medium fro range of motion exercises
  • the water provide resistance to rapid motions
  • agitation and aeration of the water causes sedation, analgesia, and increased blood flow
  • also includes the effects for hot treatments
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7
Q

How is Moist Heat Pack prepared?

A
  • use tongs to retrieve pack from hydrocollator

- wrap pack in 5-6 layers of towel, folded neatly

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8
Q

What is the correct temperature range for the hydrocollator?

A

160-166 degrees F

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9
Q

How long does a moist heat pack take to re-heat in the hydrocollator?

A

2 hours

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10
Q

What is the treatment duration with Moist Heat Pack?

A

20-30 minutes

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11
Q

List the 8 indications for Moist Heat Pack

A
  • subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
  • reduction of subacute or chronic pain
  • subacute or chronic muscle spasm
  • decreased ROM
  • hematoma resolution
  • increasing muscle, tendon, fascial elasticity
  • reduction of joint contractures
  • infection
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12
Q

List the 4 contraindications for Moist Heat Pack

A
  • acute conditions (heat increases inflammatory response)
  • peripheral vascular disease (heat doesn’t dissipate, increased risk of burn)
  • impaired circulation
  • poor thermal regulation
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13
Q

List the 4 precautions for Moist Heat Pack

A
  • do not allow direct contact between pack and skin
  • use care if changing packs during a treatment
  • cover infected areas and clean pack after
  • avoid allowing patient to lay on pack - add layers of insulation
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14
Q

List the 3 primary effects for Moist Heat Pack

A
  • increased blood flow/vasodilation
  • increased cell metabolism
  • muscular relaxation secondary to reducing muscle spindle activity
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15
Q

What is the correct temperature range for the Paraffin Bath?

A

118-126 degrees F

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16
Q

How is patient prepared for Paraffin Bath?

A
  • PT and pt wash hands up to elbows
  • warn pt to avoid touching sides and bottom
  • advise pt to hold hand relaxed, but with fingers apart
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17
Q

How many dips for Paraffin Bath immersion?

A

6-12 dips

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18
Q

How many dips for Paraffin Bath glove?

A

7-12 dips, then wrap in baggie and towel (folded neatly)

19
Q

What is treatment duration for Paraffin Bath?

A

15-20 minutes for both Immersion and Glove

20
Q

List the 4 indications for Paraffin Bath

A
  • subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions (arthritis of fingers)
  • limitation of motion after immobilization
  • small irregularly shaped areas
  • beneficial in chronic conditions
21
Q

List the 5 contraindications for Paraffin Bath

A
  • open wounds (wax/oil irritate)
  • skin infections (warm, dark environment excellent for breeding bacteria)
  • sensory loss
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • (table 5-7)
22
Q

List the 3 precautions for Paraffin Bath

A
  • do not allow touch sides or bottom of tank
  • avoid use on patients who need a good grip afterwards
  • be aware that the temp of paraffin is sufficient to cause burns
23
Q

What is the correct temperature range for Fluidotherapy?

A

110-125 degrees F

24
Q

How is Fluidotherapy prepared?

A
  • preheated for 45-60 minutes

- set airspeed to 50

25
Q

How is patient prepared for Fluidotherapy?

A
  • PT and pt wash hands up to elbows
  • patient removes jewelry
  • PT secures sleeves around pt arm
  • PT place pillow in pt lap
26
Q

What is the treatment duration for Fluidotherapy?

A

20 minutes

27
Q

List the 4 indications for Fluidotherapy

A
  • pain reduction
  • prior to joint mobilization
  • ROM exercises combined with heat therapy
  • nonrheumatoid arthritis
28
Q

List the 5 contraindications for Fluidotherapy

A
  • uncovered open wounds
  • sensory loss
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • over cancerous lesions
  • general medications that reduce patient’s heat tolerance
29
Q

List the 2 precautions for Fluidotherapy

A
  • cover open wounds prior to treatment

- sensitivity to allergic reactions caused by dust and pollen

30
Q

Name the two types of Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • inductive

- capacitive

31
Q

How is capacitive Shortwave Diathermy prepared?

A
  • wipe treatment part with alcohol
  • patient should feel gentle warmth, don’t move
  • some space between the unit and the part on both sides
  • towel over treatment area
  • towel over anywhere wire might touch
  • least amount of wattage, most number of bars - intensity
  • don’t forget the towels for sweat
  • and the kill switch
32
Q

How is inductive Shortwave Diathermy prepared?

A
  • wipe treatment part with alcohol
  • first, look it up on the paper
  • one layer of towel
  • drum parallel to and touching treatment area
  • set timer first
  • let warm up for 10-15 seconds
  • then turn intensity to desired setting
33
Q

What is the treatment duration for Shortwave Diathermy?

A
  • 20 minutes

- check patient every 5 minutes

34
Q

List the 10 indications for Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • acute and chronic pain
  • subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions in deep tissue layers
  • chronic inflammatory conditions (arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, myositis, osteoarthritis)
  • range-of-motion restrictions
  • muscle spasm
  • edema reduction
  • over fracture sites
  • hematoma and contusions
  • sinusitis
  • venous stasis ulcers
35
Q

List the 16+ contraindications for Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • cardiac pacemakers, implanted electrode devices
  • metal implants
  • metal jewelry or piercings
  • plastic implants
  • bone cement
  • ischemic areas
  • acute injury
  • over large regenerating nerves
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • over areas of active deep vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
  • patients with tendency to hemorrhage, menstruating
  • pregnancy or possibility
  • fever
  • anesthetic areas
  • cancer
  • epiphyseal plates, genitals, open lamina, infection, IUD, heart, carotid sinus/anterior neck, eyes and face, skull, perspiration, moist dressings
36
Q

List the 14 precautions for Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • Anesthetic area (thermal)
  • Remove contact lenses when applying SWD around head, face or eyes
  • A deep, aching sensation may be a symptom of overheating the tissues
  • Individuals who are pregnant, may be pregnant or have implanted electronic devices should not be permitted within 50’ of the unit while output is being generated
  • Be aware that since it is difficult to treat localized areas, water pathways within the tissues may dissipate heat formed in the treated area
  • Be aware that severe burns may result if the skin is allowed to come into contact with the heating unit or the cables
  • Be aware that with the cable method, a short circuit could be created if the cables touch
  • Be aware that electrode pads should be spaced apart at least the distance their width
  • Be aware that tissue can be overheated to the point of damage without any immediate signs. Deep tissue burning can cause destruction of muscular tissue or subcutaneous fat necrosis.
  • Be aware that the presence of moisture will increase the rate of heating and may cause overheating of the skin; keep everything dry
  • Be aware that when using capacitive SWD, excessive adipose tissue overlying the treatment are can cause overheating of the skin
  • Be aware that the skin exposed to treatment should be covered by at least 0.5” of toweling
  • Be aware that the electromagnetic energy is not localized to the treatment area, radiating 2-3’ from the source; the clinician should stay back 3’
37
Q

List the 6 primary effects of thermal Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • deep heating
  • increased blood flow
  • increased extensibility of collagen-rich tissues
  • increased cell metabolism
  • muscular relaxation
  • possible changes in some enzyme reactions
38
Q

List the primary effects of non-thermal Shortwave Diathermy

A
  • improved tissue healing
  • edema reduction
  • lymphadema reduction
  • healing of superficial, open wounds
39
Q

What is the treatment duration for Ultrasound?

A
  • 5 minutes X 1 ERA

- if it should be 7.5, set it for 8 and stop early

40
Q

How is Ultrasound prepared?

A
  • wipe treatment part with alcohol or wash it
  • properly support patient
  • set frequency to 1 MHz or 3 MHz
  • set duty cycle to 100% or 50% or 25%
  • set intensity to 1.0 W/cm2
  • set timer to 5 x ERA
  • put gel on pt
  • spread around the gel
  • while moving transducer on treatment area, turn on machine, making sure to keep at 4 cm/s
  • don’t lift transducer while unit is on
41
Q

How is Ultrasound used underwater?

A
  • set intensity 1.5 W/cm2 because tap water
  • keep soundhead submerged
  • soundhead 0.5 inch from body part
  • duty cycle thermal or non-thermal
  • same speed 4 cm/s
  • 1MHz because need to get through the water
42
Q

List the 12 indications for Ultrasound

A
  • chronic inflammatory conditions
  • pain reduction
  • joint contractures
  • muscle spasm
  • neuroma
  • scar tissue
  • sympathetic nervous system disorders
  • trigger points
  • warts
  • spasticity
  • post-acute reduction of myositis ossificans
  • acute inflammatory conditions (non-thermal)
43
Q

List the 16 contraindications for Ultrasound

A
  • areas of active DVT or thrombophlebitis
  • cancerous tumors
  • sites of active infection or sepsis
  • exposed metal that penetrates the skin (ext. fixation)
  • replaced joints using plastic or fixated bone cement
  • eyes, heart, skull, carotid sinus, genitals
  • thorax in presence of implanted pacemaker
  • pregnancy when used over pelvis or lumbar areas
  • breast implants
  • site of fracture before healing is complete
  • site of stress fracture
  • site of osteoporosis
  • pelvic or lumbar area of menstruating women
  • acute conditions (thermal)
  • areas of impaired circulation (including arterial disease) (thermal)
  • anesthetic areas (thermal)
44
Q

List the 7 precautions for Ultrasound

A
  • when applying US around spinal cord, especially after a laminectomy
  • high treatment doses over the areas of ectopic bone
  • over metal implants (treatment area must have normal sensory function and just keep the sound head moving)
  • over epiphyseal plates of growing bone
  • if symptoms do not improve after 3rd or 4th treatment, discontinue US
  • anesthetic areas (non-thermal)
  • when applying US over spinal cord, large nerve plexus or regenerating nerves (stick to low doses) (thermal)

PTA - Therapeutic Procedures (10 decks)

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