stroking of the skin palm of the hand or the knuckles superficial or deep follow contour of the body follow direction of muscles does not move muscle

Lifting, Kneading, Rolling Targets the muscle

Deep pressure Affecting muscle, tendon, or scar tissue (not just skin)

Cupping Clapping Vigorous vibration and shaking

Music Dim light Speak softly Position Mental imagery Happy place Close eyes

Contract/tense Then relax the muscle

PTA145-Unit3-STM/Massage Flashcards by Kimberly Crenshaw

What is STM?

Soft
Tissue
Mobilization

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Name the 4 STM strokes

Effleurage
Petrissage
Friction
Tapotement

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describe Effleurage

stroking of the skin
palm of the hand or the knuckles
superficial or deep
follow contour of the body
follow direction of muscles
does not move muscle

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What are the effects of Effleurage?

slow, light stroke
rapid stroke
deep stroke
beginning
end
Transitional stroke

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What are 3 types of Effleurage?

Palm Stroke
Transverse
Hand-over-hand

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describe Petrissage

Lifting, Kneading, Rolling

* Targets the muscle

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What are the effects of Petrissage?

Frees adhesions
Muscle milking
Assists in venous return
Muscle relaxtion

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describe Friction

Deep pressure
Affecting muscle, tendon, or scar tissue
(not just skin)

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what are the effects of Friction?

Mobilizes muscle
Minimize adhesions
Develops functional scar
Increases local blood flow
Analgesic effect
Types: circular, transverse

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describe Tapotement

Cupping
Clapping
Vigorous vibration and shaking

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what are the effects of Tapotement?

Applied to :
• Postural drainage
• Toughening residual limbs
• Muscle re-education

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name 2 ways relaxation can be promoted in a patient

Induction

Contrast

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describe Induction

Music
Dim light
Speak softly
Position
Mental imagery
Happy place
Close eyes

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describe Contrast

Contract/tense

* Then relax the muscle

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name 5 things to consider when applying Massage?

duration
direction
stroke speed
type of massage
frequency

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4 examples of Duration

Cervical – 10 mins
UE – 15 mins
LE – 15-20 mins
Full back – 20 mins

2 things about Stroke Speed

Rhythmical

- Slowish

2 things about Direction

Along fibers

- Towards the heart

How do you know which Type of Massage?

do patient assessment
depending on patient response to palpation
is there edema?
what is pain level?
etc

What about Frequency?

depends on why
Where they are in the treatment?
Muscle spasms

Which massage stoke begins, ends, and provides a transition between other types of stokes?

Effleurage

List 11 indications for STM/massage

Arthritis
Bursitis
Adhesions
Low back pain
Cervical pain
Sprains and strains
Bruises
Joint injuries
Fractures
Tendon injuries
NOT acute

list 10 contraindications for STM/massage

Open wounds
Acute skin conditions/infections
Acute inflammatory conditions
Acute sensitivity
Superficial malignant tumors
Acute edema
Edema caused by CV insufficiency
Thrombophlebitis
Varicose veins
Hematoma

name 5 systems affected by massage

cardiovascular
venous & lymphatic systems
neuromuscular
pain control
psychological

list 4 cardiovascular responses to massage

* Vasodilation * Vigorous massage – will increase BP (precaution) * Massage for relaxation – will decrease BP, HR, respiration * Effects are after 30 minutes

list 3 venous & lymphatic responses to massage

* Edema reduction – uncork the bottle/traffic jam – start proximal, move distal * Increase venous & lymphatic flow * Increased permeability – help absorption of

list 3 neuromuscular responses to massage

* Decreased excitability * Increased extensibility- combine with stretch * Decrease DOMS – massage after exercise (within 2 hours)

list 2 pain control responses of massage

* Gate control therapy | * Interruption of pain-spasm-pain – get muscle to relax to address underlying cause of pain, benefits for up to 24 hours

list 5 psychological responses to massage

* Decreased anxiety * Decreased depression * Decreased mental stress * If too delicate or too strenuous, may irritate rather than relax * Allow patient feedback

In what direction do we perform our strokes?

towards the heart

What is Therapeutic Massage?

the systematic manipulation of the body's tissues | - this means "hands on"

Why use Therapeutic Massage?

- promote local and systemic relaxation or invigorization - increase local blood flow - break down adhesions - encourage venous and lymphatic return

What are the primary effects of Therapeutic Massage?

* Increased blood flow * Increased venous and lymphatic drainage * Sedation * Pain reduction * Elongation of muscle fibers and other soft tissue * Hypotonicity

What goes in the O of the SOAP?

"STM" - modified Hoffa method - left or right - extremity or part - patient position - technique / strokes - duration