Pt With Physical Impairment Part 3 Flashcards
Spina Bifida
congenital defect or opening in the spinal column.
When the spinal cord protrudes through the spina bifida it is called
Myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele
is a protrusion or outpouching of the spinal cord and its covering (meninges) through an opening in the bony spinal column.
Meningocele
a protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.
Spina bifida
congenital cleft in the bony encasement of the spinal cord.
What is recommended to help prevent spina bifida
Appropriate levels of folic acid
Arthritis
Disease of the joints
Arthritis can be
Temporary or permanent partial or complete
Can a person have more than 1 type of arthritis
Yes, a person can have more than one type at a time
One of the most common illnesses in the US
Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
chronic, systemic autoimmune disease in which the infl. of joints occurs in exacerbations and remissions.
Cause of RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
Unknown
Severely involved joints with RA
Limited motion and muscle atrophy occurs with joints that are severely involved
RA is a progressive disease T/F?
True
Occurrence of RA
20-40
More women than men
Signs and symptoms of RA
- Pain and swelling
- Morning stiffness and stiff after periods of inactivity.
- Weakness, fatigue, weight loss/appetite, low-grade fever
- Nodules under skin at elbows, wrists, fingers
- TMJ involvement
Treatment of RA
- Therapy limited
- Drugs commonly used-antirheumatic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressant’s.
Is RA associated with Perio disease
YES! RA and periodontal disease are both chronic inflammatory diseases and may be related
What is the key difference in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease?
RA is associated with inflammation and DJD is NOT
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Autoimmune disease in children under 16
- 3 types
Degenerative joint disease
- effects on weight bearing joints
- inflammation is NOT a key symptom
- swelling inflammation rare
- pain is aggravated by temp changes
Cause of degenerative joint disease
No specific cause (may be obesity, age, mechanical stress, estrogen def., etc.)
Onset of degenerative joint disease
Usually adults past the age of 25 1/3 of people diagnosed are over 65
TMJ associated with degenerative joint disease
Usually not pain but will have crepitus, clicking or snapping when joints are exercised
Dental hygiene reccomendations for a pt with degenerative joint disease
Large handled toothbrush
Powerbrush may be good (not in book)
Scleroderma
Autoimmune disease of the connective tissue
Body changes due to scleroderma
- Immobility and rigidity of skin, but infl. and sclerosis throughout the body.
- Raynaud’s syndrome (color chg. fingers/toes after exposed to cold temp.)
Cause of scleroderma
Unknown
Occurrence of scleroderma
Onset usually between 30-50
More in females than men
Is scleroderma localized only?
No!
Can be localized (involving only the skin)
-or-
Generalized: involving all body organs
Where are the most notable changes in a pt with scleroderma
skin, GI tract, kidneys, heart, muscles and lungs.
Pt with scleroderma has eventual death due to what?
renal failure, cardiac failure, pulmonary insufficiency, or intestinal malabsorption
General manifestations of pt with scleroderma
- Joints (pain, swelling, stiffness) of fingers and knees.
- Skin (hard, fixed; ivory-white, yellow or gray)
- Face becomes mask-like
Oral characteristics of a pt with scleroderma
- Orally (lips-thin, rigid, difficulty in opening/closing
- Mucosa-thin, pale, tender, rigid w/ poor healing.
- Gingiva-pale/unusually firm.
- Teeth can be mobile.
- Radiologic findings-widening of the PDL
- Difficulty in chewing
- Tongue possibly immobile/speech problems
