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Clinical Dental Hygiene II > Exam 3 Study guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study guide Flashcards

1
Q

What does the master gland do

A

regulate hormones

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2
Q

Patients with pituitary gland disorders are at an increased risk for

A

developing periodontal disease due to growth factors and hormone imbalances

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3
Q

Potentially life threatening condition for people with hyperthyroidism. The thyroid suddenly releases large amounts of thyroid hormone

A

Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

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4
Q

Endocrine gland responsible for diabetes

A

Pancreas

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5
Q

Disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin

A

Diabetes

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6
Q

Symptoms of menopause

A

Hot flashes
Night sweats and sleeping problems may lead to feeling tires, stressed, or tense
Mucosal changes; associtated wit decreased estrogen levels
Dry, thinning of tissue
Emotional disturbances

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7
Q

In menopause the patient’s general symptoms are most likely related to the decline of what hormone?

A

Estrogen

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8
Q

Caused by too much cortisal production

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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9
Q

Paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity. May involve loss of consciousness with or without convulsive movements or spasms

A

Seizures

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10
Q

Generalized seizure

A

Affects the entire brain at the same time

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11
Q

Partial (focal) seizure

A

involves only one part of the brain

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12
Q

The feeling that you are going to have a seizure

A

Aura

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13
Q

What do you need to be aware of if an aura happens to someone in the clincal setting

A

The aura may be a special stimulus, a sensation of numbness, tingling, twitching, or stiffness of certain muscles

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14
Q

3 types of seizures

A

Generalized - tonic clonic and absence
Focal (partial)
Unknown

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15
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia caused by ? (the mechanism)

A

Phenytoin may cause fibroblasts and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix, causing a gingival overgrowth

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16
Q

What determines the severity of phenytoin

A

Dental biofilm -> most significant

Contributing factors; mouth breathing, overhangs, large carious lesions, calculus and other biofilm retaining factors

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17
Q

Drugs that can cause gingival enlargement

A

Phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproic acid, and primidone
Calcium channel blocking agents
Cyclosporin - immunosuppressent

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18
Q

Oral changes with phenytoin

A

Gingival overgrowth in 25% to 50% in pts who use phenytoin

Tissue color and texture are generally within normal limits with lobular shape

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19
Q

What s the best practice to reduce occurrence and severity of gingival overgrowth

A

meticulous oral hygiene

20
Q

When a seizure occurs what is the first thing a hygienist should do

A

Make no attempt to stop the convulsions or retrain pt
terminate clinical procedure and call for assistance
protect the pt from injury

21
Q

If a seizure is still occurring or recurring when should EMD be activated

A

within 5 minutes

22
Q

What herbal supplement is sometimes used to control seizures

A

ginkgo biloba and st johns wert

23
Q

Another name for cerebrovascular accident

A

Stroke

24
Q

Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)

A

results from tissue not getting enough oxygen (anoxia) or reduced blood supply (ischemia) caused by pressure exerted on the skin

25
Q

Duchenne type

A

limited to males and transmitted by female carriers
Enlarged muscles
condition present at birth and becomes apparent at 4.9 years old

26
Q

Facioscapulohumeral MS

A 
males and females equally affected
bt ages 6-20 years old
facial muscles involved
scapula prominent
progression slower than duchenne type
27
Q

Factors to consider when planning dental hygiene care on a MS patient

A

Orofacial manifestations, such as intermittent headaches, facial pain, numbness, palsy, and spasms
Visual disturbances
Impaired motor ability
Oral and systemic effects of medications

28
Q

Osteoarthritis and the TMJ

A

TMJ usually without pain but crepitus, clicking, or snapping may occur when joints are exercised

29
Q

Average life expectancy for ALS

A

3-5 years but some live longer

30
Q

What is the prevalent age of Duchenne’s MD

A

5-24 years of age

31
Q

Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack from the poliomyelitis virus when they were children. Treatment focus is mainly palliative, with exercise often prescribed to strengthen specific muscles

A

Post-polio syndrome

32
Q

Parkinsons

A

Progressive disorder of CNS

33
Q

4 primary symptoms of parkinsons

A

tremor in hands, arm, jaw and face
rigidity of limbs and trunk
bradykinesia
instable posture

34
Q

Medication for parkinsons

A

levodpa

35
Q

Oral characteristics of scleroderma

A

orally (lips thin, rigid, difficulty, in opening/closing)
mucosa-thin pale, tender, rigid w/ poor healing
gingiva-pale/unusually firm
teeth can be mobile
radiographic finding - widening of PDL
difficulty in chewing

36
Q

How are stages of cancer based on

A

tumor size, prescence or absence of lymph nodes, and presence or abscence of distant metastases

37
Q

What are the symptoms as a result of radiation therapy

A 
Skin reaction - looks like bad sunburn
fatigue
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
oral mucositis
xerostomia/salivary gland hypo function
radiation caries
taste loss
infections
trismus
osteoradionecrosis
38
Q

Indicators of chemotherapy

A

Eliminate a localized tumor too large for surgical removal
treat cancer that has metastasized to other parts of body
prevent cancer recurrence with maintence therapy
use before surgery to make tumor easier to remove
palliative
treatment of “liquid tumors” such as leukemia

39
Q

Hematopoietic cell transplantation

A

Used to treat cancers involving bone marrow, including leukemia. The purpose is to substitute peripheral blood stem cells from the pt or healthy donor

40
Q

Side affects of chemotherapy

A 
alopecia
myelosuppression
immunosuppression
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
loss of appetite
GI mucositis
41
Q

Bone marrow transplant types

A

Autologous: self
Allogeneis: human leukocyte antigen-matched donor, either related or unrelated
Syngeneic: identical twin

42
Q

DH care plan for patient with cancer

A

Asses the oral cavity for any signs of hard or soft tissue infection
eliminate or minimize sources or dental/periodontal or soft tissue infection
eliminate any areas of chronic trauma or tissue irritation
provide preventive oral care education to pt and/or caregiver

43
Q

Bone marrow transplants are usually aspirated from what sources?

A

iliac crest, ribs, or sternum

44
Q

Different types of radiation therapy

A

External beam - conventional use of ionizing radiation applied outside the body
internal source - radiation source placed in body; less radiation than external source

45
Q

Steinhert disease

A 
Also called muscular dystrophy
most common in adults
affects both woman and men
prolonged spasms after use
also affects CNS, heart, GI tract, eyes, and hormone producing glands
46
Q

Parkinsons causes degeneration of what part of the brain

A

Substania nigra of the basal ganglia

47
Q

Radiographic findings one might find in a patient with scleroderma

A

widening of PDL

Clinical Dental Hygiene II (14 decks)

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