Exam 3 Study guide

Question 1

What does the master gland do

Answer 1

regulate hormones

Question 2

Patients with pituitary gland disorders are at an increased risk for

Answer 2

developing periodontal disease due to growth factors and hormone imbalances

Question 3

Potentially life threatening condition for people with hyperthyroidism. The thyroid suddenly releases large amounts of thyroid hormone

Answer 3

Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

Question 4

Endocrine gland responsible for diabetes

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

Disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin

Answer 5

Diabetes

Question 6

Symptoms of menopause

Answer 6

Hot flashes
Night sweats and sleeping problems may lead to feeling tires, stressed, or tense
Mucosal changes; associtated wit decreased estrogen levels
Dry, thinning of tissue
Emotional disturbances

Question 7

In menopause the patient’s general symptoms are most likely related to the decline of what hormone?

Answer 7

Estrogen

Question 8

Caused by too much cortisal production

Answer 8

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 9

Paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity. May involve loss of consciousness with or without convulsive movements or spasms

Answer 9

Seizures

Question 10

Generalized seizure

Answer 10

Affects the entire brain at the same time

Question 11

Partial (focal) seizure

Answer 11

involves only one part of the brain

Question 12

The feeling that you are going to have a seizure

Answer 12

Aura

Question 13

What do you need to be aware of if an aura happens to someone in the clincal setting

Answer 13

The aura may be a special stimulus, a sensation of numbness, tingling, twitching, or stiffness of certain muscles

Question 14

3 types of seizures

Answer 14

Generalized - tonic clonic and absence
Focal (partial)
Unknown

Question 15

What is gingival hyperplasia caused by ? (the mechanism)

Answer 15

Phenytoin may cause fibroblasts and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix, causing a gingival overgrowth

Question 16

What determines the severity of phenytoin

Answer 16

Dental biofilm -> most significant

Contributing factors; mouth breathing, overhangs, large carious lesions, calculus and other biofilm retaining factors

Question 17

Drugs that can cause gingival enlargement

Answer 17

Phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproic acid, and primidone
Calcium channel blocking agents
Cyclosporin - immunosuppressent

Question 18

Oral changes with phenytoin

Answer 18

Gingival overgrowth in 25% to 50% in pts who use phenytoin

Tissue color and texture are generally within normal limits with lobular shape

Question 19

What s the best practice to reduce occurrence and severity of gingival overgrowth

Answer 19

meticulous oral hygiene

Question 20

When a seizure occurs what is the first thing a hygienist should do

Answer 20

Make no attempt to stop the convulsions or retrain pt
terminate clinical procedure and call for assistance
protect the pt from injury

Question 21

If a seizure is still occurring or recurring when should EMD be activated

Answer 21

within 5 minutes

Question 22

What herbal supplement is sometimes used to control seizures

Answer 22

ginkgo biloba and st johns wert

Question 23

Another name for cerebrovascular accident

Answer 23

Stroke

Question 24

Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)

Answer 24

results from tissue not getting enough oxygen (anoxia) or reduced blood supply (ischemia) caused by pressure exerted on the skin

Question 25

Duchenne type

Answer 25

limited to males and transmitted by female carriers Enlarged muscles condition present at birth and becomes apparent at 4.9 years old

Question 26

Facioscapulohumeral MS

Answer 26

``` males and females equally affected bt ages 6-20 years old facial muscles involved scapula prominent progression slower than duchenne type ```

Question 27

Factors to consider when planning dental hygiene care on a MS patient

Answer 27

Orofacial manifestations, such as intermittent headaches, facial pain, numbness, palsy, and spasms Visual disturbances Impaired motor ability Oral and systemic effects of medications

Question 28

Osteoarthritis and the TMJ

Answer 28

TMJ usually without pain but crepitus, clicking, or snapping may occur when joints are exercised

Question 29

Average life expectancy for ALS

Answer 29

3-5 years but some live longer

Question 30

What is the prevalent age of Duchenne's MD

Answer 30

5-24 years of age

Question 31

Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack from the poliomyelitis virus when they were children. Treatment focus is mainly palliative, with exercise often prescribed to strengthen specific muscles

Answer 31

Post-polio syndrome

Question 32

Parkinsons

Answer 32

Progressive disorder of CNS

Question 33

4 primary symptoms of parkinsons

Answer 33

tremor in hands, arm, jaw and face rigidity of limbs and trunk bradykinesia instable posture

Question 34

Medication for parkinsons

Answer 34

levodpa

Question 35

Oral characteristics of scleroderma

Answer 35

orally (lips thin, rigid, difficulty, in opening/closing) mucosa-thin pale, tender, rigid w/ poor healing gingiva-pale/unusually firm teeth can be mobile radiographic finding - widening of PDL difficulty in chewing

Question 36

How are stages of cancer based on

Answer 36

tumor size, prescence or absence of lymph nodes, and presence or abscence of distant metastases

Question 37

What are the symptoms as a result of radiation therapy

Answer 37

``` Skin reaction - looks like bad sunburn fatigue nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation oral mucositis xerostomia/salivary gland hypo function radiation caries taste loss infections trismus osteoradionecrosis ```

Question 38

Indicators of chemotherapy

Answer 38

Eliminate a localized tumor too large for surgical removal treat cancer that has metastasized to other parts of body prevent cancer recurrence with maintence therapy use before surgery to make tumor easier to remove palliative treatment of "liquid tumors" such as leukemia

Question 39

Hematopoietic cell transplantation

Answer 39

Used to treat cancers involving bone marrow, including leukemia. The purpose is to substitute peripheral blood stem cells from the pt or healthy donor

Question 40

Side affects of chemotherapy

Answer 40

``` alopecia myelosuppression immunosuppression nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea loss of appetite GI mucositis ```

Question 41

Bone marrow transplant types

Answer 41

Autologous: self Allogeneis: human leukocyte antigen-matched donor, either related or unrelated Syngeneic: identical twin

Question 42

DH care plan for patient with cancer

Answer 42

Asses the oral cavity for any signs of hard or soft tissue infection eliminate or minimize sources or dental/periodontal or soft tissue infection eliminate any areas of chronic trauma or tissue irritation provide preventive oral care education to pt and/or caregiver

Question 43

Bone marrow transplants are usually aspirated from what sources?

Answer 43

iliac crest, ribs, or sternum

Question 44

Different types of radiation therapy

Answer 44

External beam - conventional use of ionizing radiation applied outside the body internal source - radiation source placed in body; less radiation than external source

Question 45

Steinhert disease

Answer 45

``` Also called muscular dystrophy most common in adults affects both woman and men prolonged spasms after use also affects CNS, heart, GI tract, eyes, and hormone producing glands ```

Question 46

Parkinsons causes degeneration of what part of the brain

Answer 46

Substania nigra of the basal ganglia

Question 47

Radiographic findings one might find in a patient with scleroderma

Answer 47

widening of PDL