Exam 3 Study guide Flashcards
What does the master gland do
regulate hormones
Patients with pituitary gland disorders are at an increased risk for
developing periodontal disease due to growth factors and hormone imbalances
Potentially life threatening condition for people with hyperthyroidism. The thyroid suddenly releases large amounts of thyroid hormone
Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
Endocrine gland responsible for diabetes
Pancreas
Disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin
Diabetes
Symptoms of menopause
Hot flashes
Night sweats and sleeping problems may lead to feeling tires, stressed, or tense
Mucosal changes; associtated wit decreased estrogen levels
Dry, thinning of tissue
Emotional disturbances
In menopause the patient’s general symptoms are most likely related to the decline of what hormone?
Estrogen
Caused by too much cortisal production
Cushing’s syndrome
Paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity. May involve loss of consciousness with or without convulsive movements or spasms
Seizures
Generalized seizure
Affects the entire brain at the same time
Partial (focal) seizure
involves only one part of the brain
The feeling that you are going to have a seizure
Aura
What do you need to be aware of if an aura happens to someone in the clincal setting
The aura may be a special stimulus, a sensation of numbness, tingling, twitching, or stiffness of certain muscles
3 types of seizures
Generalized - tonic clonic and absence
Focal (partial)
Unknown
What is gingival hyperplasia caused by ? (the mechanism)
Phenytoin may cause fibroblasts and osteoblasts to deposit excessive extracellular matrix, causing a gingival overgrowth
What determines the severity of phenytoin
Dental biofilm -> most significant
Contributing factors; mouth breathing, overhangs, large carious lesions, calculus and other biofilm retaining factors
Drugs that can cause gingival enlargement
Phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproic acid, and primidone
Calcium channel blocking agents
Cyclosporin - immunosuppressent
Oral changes with phenytoin
Gingival overgrowth in 25% to 50% in pts who use phenytoin
Tissue color and texture are generally within normal limits with lobular shape
What s the best practice to reduce occurrence and severity of gingival overgrowth
meticulous oral hygiene
When a seizure occurs what is the first thing a hygienist should do
Make no attempt to stop the convulsions or retrain pt
terminate clinical procedure and call for assistance
protect the pt from injury
If a seizure is still occurring or recurring when should EMD be activated
within 5 minutes
What herbal supplement is sometimes used to control seizures
ginkgo biloba and st johns wert
Another name for cerebrovascular accident
Stroke
Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)
results from tissue not getting enough oxygen (anoxia) or reduced blood supply (ischemia) caused by pressure exerted on the skin
Duchenne type
limited to males and transmitted by female carriers
Enlarged muscles
condition present at birth and becomes apparent at 4.9 years old
Facioscapulohumeral MS
males and females equally affected bt ages 6-20 years old facial muscles involved scapula prominent progression slower than duchenne type
Factors to consider when planning dental hygiene care on a MS patient
Orofacial manifestations, such as intermittent headaches, facial pain, numbness, palsy, and spasms
Visual disturbances
Impaired motor ability
Oral and systemic effects of medications
Osteoarthritis and the TMJ
TMJ usually without pain but crepitus, clicking, or snapping may occur when joints are exercised
Average life expectancy for ALS
3-5 years but some live longer
What is the prevalent age of Duchenne’s MD
5-24 years of age
Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack from the poliomyelitis virus when they were children. Treatment focus is mainly palliative, with exercise often prescribed to strengthen specific muscles
Post-polio syndrome
Parkinsons
Progressive disorder of CNS
4 primary symptoms of parkinsons
tremor in hands, arm, jaw and face
rigidity of limbs and trunk
bradykinesia
instable posture
Medication for parkinsons
levodpa
Oral characteristics of scleroderma
orally (lips thin, rigid, difficulty, in opening/closing)
mucosa-thin pale, tender, rigid w/ poor healing
gingiva-pale/unusually firm
teeth can be mobile
radiographic finding - widening of PDL
difficulty in chewing
How are stages of cancer based on
tumor size, prescence or absence of lymph nodes, and presence or abscence of distant metastases
What are the symptoms as a result of radiation therapy
Skin reaction - looks like bad sunburn fatigue nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation oral mucositis xerostomia/salivary gland hypo function radiation caries taste loss infections trismus osteoradionecrosis
Indicators of chemotherapy
Eliminate a localized tumor too large for surgical removal
treat cancer that has metastasized to other parts of body
prevent cancer recurrence with maintence therapy
use before surgery to make tumor easier to remove
palliative
treatment of “liquid tumors” such as leukemia
Hematopoietic cell transplantation
Used to treat cancers involving bone marrow, including leukemia. The purpose is to substitute peripheral blood stem cells from the pt or healthy donor
Side affects of chemotherapy
alopecia myelosuppression immunosuppression nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea loss of appetite GI mucositis
Bone marrow transplant types
Autologous: self
Allogeneis: human leukocyte antigen-matched donor, either related or unrelated
Syngeneic: identical twin
DH care plan for patient with cancer
Asses the oral cavity for any signs of hard or soft tissue infection
eliminate or minimize sources or dental/periodontal or soft tissue infection
eliminate any areas of chronic trauma or tissue irritation
provide preventive oral care education to pt and/or caregiver
Bone marrow transplants are usually aspirated from what sources?
iliac crest, ribs, or sternum
Different types of radiation therapy
External beam - conventional use of ionizing radiation applied outside the body
internal source - radiation source placed in body; less radiation than external source
Steinhert disease
Also called muscular dystrophy most common in adults affects both woman and men prolonged spasms after use also affects CNS, heart, GI tract, eyes, and hormone producing glands
Parkinsons causes degeneration of what part of the brain
Substania nigra of the basal ganglia
Radiographic findings one might find in a patient with scleroderma
widening of PDL
