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Clinical Dental Hygiene II > Chapter 56- pt w/ cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 56- pt w/ cancer Flashcards

1
Q

A group of neoplastic disease in which there is a transformation of normal cells into malignant ones

A

cancer

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2
Q

As cancer cells proliferate the mass of abnormal tissue that has formed enlarges and then sheds cells that spread the disease is called what

A

metastasis

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3
Q

Cancers are classified on the basis of what two things?

A
  • ORIGIN of tissue involved

- TYPES of cells from which they rise

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4
Q

Where do carcinomas originate?

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

Where do sarcomas originate?

A

connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cancer

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7
Q

Cancer survival depends on what?

A
  • location and size
  • typer of cancer
  • presence of distant metastasis
  • tumor sensitivity to tx
  • physical condition and age pf pt
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8
Q

What are the risk factors for cancer?

A
  • Tobacco: implicate in head, neck, lung, and bladder cancer
  • Alcohol
  • Sunlight
  • Enviromental, Occupational
  • Viruses
  • Socioeconomic
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9
Q

What are the three MOST COMMON types of cancer in women?

A

breast, lung and bronchus, colon and rectal

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10
Q

What are the three most common types of cancer in men?

A

prostate, lung and broncus, colon and rectal

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11
Q

Treatment of cancer depends on what?

A
  • Location and size
  • Treatment objecttives
  • Surgery
  • Chemo
  • Vaccine therapy
  • Biotherapy
  • Combination
  • Hormone therapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Hematopoietic cel transplantation
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12
Q

What is the most common form of treatment for cancer?

A

surgery

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13
Q

What are indications for surgery?

A
  • tumors small in size
  • debulk or remove part of lg tumor bf tx
  • palliation
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14
Q

Involves use of drugs that affect rapid-dividing cancer cells at different points in the cells cycles. The drugs can be used alone or in combonations, side effects are severe and affect the mouth

A

Chemotherapy

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15
Q

Objective fo chemotherapy:

A
  • to destroy cancer cells and keep it from metastasizing
  • to prevent it from recurring
  • to provide improved quality of lfie
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16
Q

Indications for chemotherapy:

A
  • eliminate a localized tumor too big for surgery
  • prevent cancer from recurring
  • palliative
  • prior to surgery to remove tumor easier
  • Treat cancer that moves to other psrts of the body
  • tx of liquid tumors
17
Q

Systemic side effects of chemo:

A
  1. GI Mucositis
  2. Nausea
  3. Loss of appetie
  4. hair loss
  5. immunosupression
  6. myelopsupression
18
Q

ORAL complications of chemo:

A
  • xerostomia
  • salivary gland hypofunction
  • infections
  • bleeding
  • oral mucositis-stomatitis
  • osteonecrosis
  • neurotoxicity
19
Q

Uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer. Impacts the cancer cells ability to duplicate and survive,

A

radiation therapy

20
Q

Are all tumors radiosensitive?

A

nope

21
Q

What causes short term and long term effects in the oral cavity?

A

head and neck radiation

22
Q

indications for radiation therapy

A
  • Treat small localized tumor (that is radiosensitive).
    • Shrink a large tumor bf surg.
    • Assist chemo., effect when used at same time.
    • Prevent spread of cancer/control tumor.
    • Prevent recurrence of cancer.
  • Provide symptom /pain relief
23
Q

oral complications of radiation therapy?

A

-Oral mucositis
-Xerostomia/salivary gland hypofunction -Radiation caries
-Taste loss
-Infection
-Bacterial
-Viral (Herpes Simplex)
Fungal (Candida Albicans)
-Trismus
-Osteoradionecrosis

24
Q

dhg plan of care:

A

It is recc. patient have optimal oral health bf starting any cancer therapy.

ALWAYS:
• Assess the oral cavity any infection (hard or soft tissue).
• Eliminate sources of infection.
• Eliminate or minimize any areas of chronic trauma or tissue irritation.
• Instruct pt. in preventive procedures.

25
Q

Pretreatment therapy

A

intensive oral care in preparation for and all during cancer therapy/will have reduced risk for dev. of oral complications.
The dental/dental hygiene tx. should be complete bf start of cancer therapy

26
Q

Head and neck radiation therapy

A

these pts. are at high risk dev. oral complications that will affect pt. short term and long term.

27
Q

After radiation therpay you shoulddddd…

A
  • Recall pt first 6mos after cancer tx. (non-surg. Perio therapy)
  • Reinforce oral hygiene
  • Consult phys. and see when dentist can treat pt.
  • Watch for trismus (diff. opening/closing), demin. and caries (daily application of fl.)
  • Advise against all oral surgery on irradiated bone/conservative w/extractions
28
Q

The extent of oral complications of chemo depends on what?

A
  • Degree of infection present
  • Chemo drugs used
  • The radiation therapy
  • The pts. daily oral hygiene
29
Q

During chemo…..

A
  • Degree of infection present
  • Chemo drugs used
  • The radiation therapy
  • The pts. daily oral hygiene

Clinical Dental Hygiene II (14 decks)

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