Chapter 56- pt w/ cancer Flashcards
A group of neoplastic disease in which there is a transformation of normal cells into malignant ones
cancer
As cancer cells proliferate the mass of abnormal tissue that has formed enlarges and then sheds cells that spread the disease is called what
metastasis
Cancers are classified on the basis of what two things?
- ORIGIN of tissue involved
- TYPES of cells from which they rise
Where do carcinomas originate?
epithelial tissue
Where do sarcomas originate?
connective tissue
What is the second leading cause of death in the US?
Cancer
Cancer survival depends on what?
- location and size
- typer of cancer
- presence of distant metastasis
- tumor sensitivity to tx
- physical condition and age pf pt
What are the risk factors for cancer?
- Tobacco: implicate in head, neck, lung, and bladder cancer
- Alcohol
- Sunlight
- Enviromental, Occupational
- Viruses
- Socioeconomic
What are the three MOST COMMON types of cancer in women?
breast, lung and bronchus, colon and rectal
What are the three most common types of cancer in men?
prostate, lung and broncus, colon and rectal
Treatment of cancer depends on what?
- Location and size
- Treatment objecttives
- Surgery
- Chemo
- Vaccine therapy
- Biotherapy
- Combination
- Hormone therapy
- Radiation therapy
- Hematopoietic cel transplantation
What is the most common form of treatment for cancer?
surgery
What are indications for surgery?
- tumors small in size
- debulk or remove part of lg tumor bf tx
- palliation
Involves use of drugs that affect rapid-dividing cancer cells at different points in the cells cycles. The drugs can be used alone or in combonations, side effects are severe and affect the mouth
Chemotherapy
Objective fo chemotherapy:
- to destroy cancer cells and keep it from metastasizing
- to prevent it from recurring
- to provide improved quality of lfie
Indications for chemotherapy:
- eliminate a localized tumor too big for surgery
- prevent cancer from recurring
- palliative
- prior to surgery to remove tumor easier
- Treat cancer that moves to other psrts of the body
- tx of liquid tumors
Systemic side effects of chemo:
- GI Mucositis
- Nausea
- Loss of appetie
- hair loss
- immunosupression
- myelopsupression
ORAL complications of chemo:
- xerostomia
- salivary gland hypofunction
- infections
- bleeding
- oral mucositis-stomatitis
- osteonecrosis
- neurotoxicity
Uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer. Impacts the cancer cells ability to duplicate and survive,
radiation therapy
Are all tumors radiosensitive?
nope
What causes short term and long term effects in the oral cavity?
head and neck radiation
indications for radiation therapy
- Treat small localized tumor (that is radiosensitive).
• Shrink a large tumor bf surg.
• Assist chemo., effect when used at same time.
• Prevent spread of cancer/control tumor.
• Prevent recurrence of cancer. - Provide symptom /pain relief
oral complications of radiation therapy?
-Oral mucositis
-Xerostomia/salivary gland hypofunction -Radiation caries
-Taste loss
-Infection
-Bacterial
-Viral (Herpes Simplex)
Fungal (Candida Albicans)
-Trismus
-Osteoradionecrosis
dhg plan of care:
It is recc. patient have optimal oral health bf starting any cancer therapy.
ALWAYS:
• Assess the oral cavity any infection (hard or soft tissue).
• Eliminate sources of infection.
• Eliminate or minimize any areas of chronic trauma or tissue irritation.
• Instruct pt. in preventive procedures.
