PSYU2236 Cognitive Psych - Word Recognition Flashcards
What is word recognition in cognitive psychology
Word recognition is a manner of reading based upon the immediate perception of what word a familiar grouping of letters represents. This process exists in opposition to phonetics and word analysis, as a different method of recognizing and verbalizing visual language (i.e. reading).
Which is acquired spontaneously and which is acquired through teaching? Speech versus reading.
Speech is acquired spontaneously
Reading must be taught
Is reading automatic or a manual process?
Reading is for the large part an automatic procedure
There are several kinds of linguistic processes:
Orthography
Phonology
Semantics
Syntax
Discourse processing
In a few words define each
Orthography - spelling of words (letter identity and letter order)
Phonology - sounds of words
Semantics - meaning of words
Syntax - rules for combining words - bob hit david not hit bob david
Discourse processing - making inferences
What are 3 speeded response tests to study reading?
Lexical decision task - The lexical decision task is a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments. The basic procedure involves measuring how quickly people classify stimuli as words or nonwords.
Naming task - Naming tasks are used to assess language impairments and difficulties recalling general knowledge from semantic memory
Categorization task - taking a word and connecting to things that are similar. i.e. apple - food
What is the stoop test? and what is the Stroop effect?
In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli. The effect has been used to create a psychological test that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation.
The Stroop effect is a psychological phenomenon demonstrating interference in reaction time of a task. It occurs when the name of a colour is printed in a colour not denoted by the name, making it difficult for participants to identify the colour of the word quickly and accurately.
What is masked priming?
Masked priming involves part of the initial stimulus being obscured in some way, such as with hash marks.
What are the research methods used to study reading? Clue 5 items
Speeded response to target words
Interference and priming tasks
Eye movements
Neuropsychology
Neuroimaging
In visual word recognition, automatic processing is word identification manual or automatic?
Automatic
In visual word recognition, as automatic processes are obligatory / unavoidable, when given the Stroop colour task when given an incongruent condition (words and colours do not match) is it easier or harder to read the colour?
It is harder as reading is an automatic process where as reading which colour the word is requires manual attention.
What is the Stroop interference effect?
This is when you are given two experimental conditions, incongruent (mismatched word and colour) and congruent (binary letters and colour). Where incongruent has a slower response time as the reading response is automatic and takes precedence.
Automatic phonological activation
The central principle is that, in any writing system, encounters with most printed words automatically lead to phonological activation. This activation includes phoneme constituents of the word and the word’s pronunciation.
in automatic phonological activation according to Frost, what is the evidence that backs the strong phonology hypothesis?
Homophone effects in semantic categorisation
Masked phonological priming effect
In the strong phonology hypothesis what is the main assumption?
Phonological processing is mandatory in reading.
In reading aloud, alphabetic writing system, define phonemes and graphemes.
Phonemes - smallest unit of sound
Grapheme - letter or letter cluster that correspond to a single phoneme
