Psychopharmacology Drug Classes Flashcards
What are some of the most popular first generation (conventional/typical/neuroleptic) antipsychotic medications?
- Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Haloperidol (Haldol)
- Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
- Perphenazine (Trilafon)
suffix -azine
What are some of the most popular second generation (atypical/novel) antipsychotic medications?
- Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Risperidone (Risperdal)
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- Quetiapine (Seroquel)
- Ziprasidone (Geodon)
suffix -pine or -done
True or False: The atypical antipsychotics are more effective at treating negative/social/cognitive psychotic symptoms than the typical antipsychotics.
False - There is no significant difference in effectiveness in treating negative symptoms; however, the atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects, but usually cost more too.
Mechanism of action : antipsychotics?
Block DA receptors so that DA is taken back up so there will be LESS DA in the brain.
What other conditions might use antipsychotics?
Other psychotic disorders (Brief Psychotic, Schizoaffective); mania or mixed episodes of Bipolar; Delirium; Tourette’s; Autism; pervasive developmental disabilities; PTSD; Major Depression
What are the common side effects of antipsychotics?
- Sedation
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness upon standing (orthostatic hypotension)
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, dry eyes)
- Weight gain
- Sexual dysfunction
- Movement symptoms (Dystonia, Parkinsonism, Tardive Dyskinesia)
- Metabolic adverse effects
- Nueroleptic Malignant Syndrome, rare but lethal
Clozaril - associated with agranulocytosis which is a dangerously low white blood cell count, rare but lethal
What are some popular SSRIs?
- Sertraline (Zoloft)
- Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Paroxetine (Paxil)
suffix -ine
What are some popular SNRIs?
- Venlafaxine (Effexor)
suffix -ine
What are some popular Tricyclic antidepressants?
- Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Clomipramine (Anafranil)
- Imipramine (Tofranil)
suffix -amine
What are some popular MAOIs?
- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
- Phenelzine (Nardil)
suffix -ine
What are some popular atypical/other classified antidepressants?
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin) - works predominately on DA
- Mirtazapine (Remeron)
- Trazodone (Desyrel)
be careful not to lump Mirtazapine or Trazodone into antispsychotics
Which are the most dangerous antidepressant class?
Tricyclics
Which antidepressant class has dangerous interactions with food and medications?
MAOIs
Mechanism of Action : antidepressants?
Most block re-uptake of 5HT or NE so there will be MORE in the brain.
What are the common side effects of SSRIs?
- Headaches
- Insomnia
- GI problems
- Sexual dysfunction
- Suicidal thinking in kids and teens
What are the common side effects of Tricyclics?
- Severe Anticholinergic effects
- Risk of Heart Disease, HBP, Seizure
- Lethality of overdose
- Sedation
- Weight gain
- Nausea
- Sexual dysfunction
What are the common side effects of MAOIs?
- Tyramine induced hypertensive crisis (no pickles, cheese, sausage, wine, etc.)
- Potential for Serotonin Syndrome
- Lethality of overdose
- Weight gain
- Insomnia
- Sexual dysfunction
- Dizziness upon standing (orthostatic hypotension)
What are some of the most popular benzodiazepines?
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Temazepam (Restoril)
suffix -pam or -lam
What are some of the most popular non-benzodiazepines for sedative/hypnotic and anxiolytic purposes?
- Buspirone (Buspar)
- Zolpidem (Ambien)
- Zaleplon (Sonata)
What are some popular beta blockers?
- Propranolol (Inderal)
suffix -lol
What happens to your sleep when you stop taking a benzodiazepine?
Rebound insomnia (due to REM rebound and disrupted sleep cycle)
What are the common side effects of benzodiazepines?
- Physiological or psychological dependence
- Tolerance & cross tolerance with alcohol
- Fatal in overdose with alcohol
- Abrupt withdrawal can be fatal
- Higher risk with older adults
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Problems with coordination
- Nightmares
What are the common side effects of beta blockers?
- Sexual dysfunction
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Difficulty sleeping
- Nightmares
What are some popular mood stabilizers?
- Lithium
- Anticonvulsants
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- Sodium valproate (Depokote)
- Gabapentin (Neurontin)
What are some contraindications for lithium?
- Likely compliance issues
- Pre-existing heart, thyroid, or kidney disease
- Pregnancy
What are the common side effects for lithium?
- Have to monitor blood levels, thyroid, and kidney problems
- Possibility for lithium toxicity (looks like the flu)
- Fine hand tremor
- Weight gain
- GI problems
- Sedation
- Excessive thirst and urination
What are the common side effects for anticonvulsants?
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Suicidal thinking
What are some popular stimulants?
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
- Adderral
What is the non-stimulant medication commonly used for ADHD?
- Atomoxetine (Straterra)
SNRI approved for treatment of ADHD
What are the common side effects of stimulants?
- Loss of appetite
- Insomnia
- Irritability
- GI problems
- Temporary growth suppression in kids
- Could trigger tic disorders
- Psychological/physical dependence
- Withdrawal effects but overdose is rarely lethal
