Psychopathology - Two-Process Model AO1

Question 1

Who made the two-process model?

Answer 1

Mowrer

Question 2

What is the two-process model?

Answer 2

It’s a model based on the behavioural approach to phobias and it’s used to explain how they are are acquired and maintained

Question 3

What is the acquisition by conditioning?

Answer 3

It works in reflex actions where a neutral stimuli acquires the properties of another stimuli via association. This suggests that phobias can be learn by associating a previously neutral stimuli with a fear response.

Question 4

Who conducted the ‘Little Albert’ experiment?

Answer 4

Watson and Raynor

Question 5

What happened in the ‘Little Albert’ Experiment?

Answer 5

1. They worked with an 11 month old (little albert)
2. Tested his response to white fluffy objects (NS) and he showed no response
3. Then they made a loud noise (UCS) which scared him (UCR)
4. After that they played the loud noise behind his head every time he went near the white fluffy object (UCS and NS) which caused him to be startled (UCR)
5. Finally every time they showed albert the fluffy white object (CS) he felt startled (CR) as he had associated the object to the frightening sound

Question 6

What is maintenance by operant conditioning?

Answer 6

The idea that the likely hood of a behaviour being repeated is increased if the outcome is rewarding. In the case of a phobia the behaviour could be avoidance and the rewarding response could reduced anxiety (negative reinforcement)