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PIMS General Psychology > Psychopathology & Stress > Flashcards

Psychopathology & Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

patterns of thinking and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for the affected person or for others

A

psychopathology

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2
Q

viewing mental disorders as resulting from a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

A

biopsychosocial approach

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3
Q

a view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes

A

psychological model

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4
Q

explaining mental disorders in ways that emphasize the role of factors such as gender and age, physical situations, cultural values and expectations, and historical era

A

sociocultural perspective

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5
Q

characteristics or conditions that can influence the appearance and form of maladaptive behavior

A

sociocultural factors

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6
Q

the notion that psychological disorders arise when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amounts of stress to trigger symptoms

A

diathesis-stress model

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7
Q

a condition in which intense feelings of fear and dread are long-standing and disruptive

A

anxiety disorder

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8
Q

an anxiety disorder that involves strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction

A

phobia

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9
Q

phobias that involve fear and avoidance of specific stimuli and situations, such as heights, blood, and certain animals

A

specific phobias

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10
Q

strong, irrational fears related to social situations

A

social phobias

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11
Q

a strong fear of being alone or away from the safety of home

A

agoraphobia

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12
Q

a condition that involves long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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13
Q

anxiety in the form of severe panic attacks that come without warning or obvious cause

A

panic disorder

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14
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with certain thoughts or feels a compulsion to do certain things

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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15
Q

persistent, upsetting, and unwanted thoughts that interfere with daily life and may lead to compulsions

A

obsessions

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16
Q

repetitive behaviors that interfere with daily functioning but are performed in an effort to prevent dangers or events associated with obsessions

A

compulsions

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17
Q

psychological problems in which a person shows the symptoms of a physical disorder for which there is no physical cause

A

somatoform disorders

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18
Q

a somatoform disorder in which a person appears to be (but actually is not) blind, deaf, paralyzed, or insensitive to pain

A

conversion disorder

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19
Q

a strong, unjustified fear of physical illness

A

hypochondriasis

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20
Q

a somatoform disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness

A

somatization disorder

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21
Q

a somatoform disorder marked by complaints of severe, often constant pain with no physical cause

A

somatoform pain disorder

22
Q

a somatoform disorder characterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body

A

body dysmorphic disorder

23
Q

conditions involving sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person’s memory, consciousness, or identity

A

dissociative disorders

24
Q

a psychological disorder involving sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale

A

fugue reaction (dissociative fugue)

25
Q

a psychological disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory for one’s own name, occupation, or other identifying information

A

dissociative amnesia

26
Q

a dissociative disorder in which a person appears to have more than one identity, each of which behaves in a different way

A

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

27
Q

a condition in which a person experiences extremes of moods for long periods, shifts from one extreme mood to another, and experiences moods that are inconsistent with events

A

affective disorder (mood disorder)

28
Q

a condition in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months, often losing interest in all activities and taking pleasure in nothing

A

major depression (major depressive disorder)

29
Q

false beliefs such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or severe depression

A

delusions

30
Q

a pattern of depression in which the person shows the sad mood, lack of interest, and loss of pleasure associated with major depression, but to a lesser degree and for a longer period

A

dysthymic disorder

31
Q

a condition in which a person alternates between the two emotional extremes of depression and mania

A

bipolar disorder

32
Q

an elated, active emotional state

A

mania

33
Q

an affective disorder characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that is less extreme than that of bipolar disorder

A

cyclothymic personality (cyclothymic disorder)

34
Q

a pattern of severely disturbed thinking, emotion, perception, and behavior that constitutes one of the most serious and disabling of all mental disorders

A

schizophrenia

35
Q

false or distorted perceptions of objects or events

A

hallucinations

36
Q

long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that become styles of life that create problems, usually for others

A

personality disorders

37
Q

a long-term persistent pattern of impulsive, selfish, unscrupulous, even criminal behavior

A

antisocial personality disorder

38
Q

problems involving the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others

A

substance-related disorders

39
Q

development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug

A

addiction

40
Q

a pattern of drinking that may lead to addiction and that almost always causes severe social, physical, and other problems

A

alcoholism

41
Q

a field focused on understanding how psychological factors affect health and illness and which interventions help maintain health and combat illness

A

health care psychology (health psychology)

42
Q

the process of adjusting to circumstances that disrupt or threaten to disrupt a person’s daily functioning

A

stress

43
Q

events or situations to which people must adjust

A

stressors

44
Q

physical and psychological reactions to stressors

A

stress reactions

45
Q

physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or run from a threatening situation

A

fight-flight reaction

46
Q

a three-stage pattern of responses triggered by the effort to adapt to stressors

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

47
Q

illnesses caused or worsened by stressors

A

diseases of adaptation

48
Q

the friends and social contacts on whom one can depend for help and support

A

social support

49
Q

the field that examines the intersection of psychological and physiological processes affecting the body’s ability to defend itself against disease

A

psychoneuroimmunology

50
Q

the body’s first line of biological defense against invading substances and microorganisms

A

immune system

51
Q

an immune system response that combats infectious agents and helps to heal injuries

A

inflammation

52
Q

the process of altering or eliminating behaviors that pose risks to health and, at the same time, fostering healthier behavior patterns

A

health promotion

PIMS General Psychology (8 decks)

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