Motivation

Question 1

internal processes (influences) that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

a reason or purpose for behavior

Answer 2

motive

Question 3

a view that behavior is motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses

Answer 3

instinct doctrine

Question 4

innate, automatic dispositions to respond in particular ways to specific stimuli

Answer 4

instinctive behaviors

Question 5

the tendency for physiological systems to remain stable by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change

Answer 5

homeostasis

Question 6

a theory that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis

Answer 6

drive reduction theory

Question 7

biological requirements for well-being

Answer 7

needs

Question 8

a psychological state that arises from an imbalance in homeostasis and prompts action to fulfill a need

Answer 8

drive

Question 9

drives that arise from basic biological needs

Answer 9

primary drives

Question 10

stimuli that take on the motivational properties of primary drives through learning

Answer 10

secondary drives

Question 11

a general level of activation reflected in several physiological systems

Answer 11

physiological arousal

Question 12

a theory that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal for them

Answer 12

arousal theory

Question 13

a theory that people are pulled toward behaviors that offer positive incentives and pushed away from behaviors associated with negative incentives

Answer 13

incentive theory

Question 14

the general state of wanting to eat

Answer 14

hunger

Question 15

the satisfaction of a need such as hunger

Answer 15

satiation

Question 16

the condition of no longer wanting to eat

Answer 16

satiety

Question 17

a condition in which a person is severely overweight

Answer 17

obesity

Question 18

an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss

Answer 18

anorexia nervosa

Question 19

an eating disorder that involves eating massive quantities of food then eliminating it all by self-induced vomiting or laxatives

Answer 19

bulimia

Question 20

physiological arousal that arises from sexual contact or erotic thoughts

Answer 20

sexual arousal

Question 21

sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of the opposite sex

Answer 21

heterosexuality

Question 22

sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of the same sex

Answer 22

homosexuality

Question 23

sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of both sexes

Answer 23

bisexuality

Question 24

the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting them, and experiences satisfaction by doing so

Answer 24

achievement motivation (need for achievement)

Question 25

a cognitive judgment of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of negative moods and emotions

Answer 25

well-being (subjective well-being)

Question 26

temporary positive or negative experiences that are felt or happening to the self, that are generated partly by interpretation of situations, and that are accompanied by learned and innate physical responses

Answer 26

emotions

Question 27

the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body

Answer 27

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 28

the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that readies the body for vigorous activity

Answer 28

sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

the process of explaining the cause of some event

Answer 29

attribution

Question 30

physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or flight in a threatening situation

Answer 30

fight-flight reaction (fight or flight syndrome)

Question 31

the theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhances emotional experiences in an independent situation

Answer 31

excitation transfer theory