Motivation Flashcards
internal processes (influences) that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior
motivation
a reason or purpose for behavior
motive
a view that behavior is motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses
instinct doctrine
innate, automatic dispositions to respond in particular ways to specific stimuli
instinctive behaviors
the tendency for physiological systems to remain stable by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change
homeostasis
a theory that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis
drive reduction theory
biological requirements for well-being
needs
a psychological state that arises from an imbalance in homeostasis and prompts action to fulfill a need
drive
drives that arise from basic biological needs
primary drives
stimuli that take on the motivational properties of primary drives through learning
secondary drives
a general level of activation reflected in several physiological systems
physiological arousal
a theory that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal for them
arousal theory
a theory that people are pulled toward behaviors that offer positive incentives and pushed away from behaviors associated with negative incentives
incentive theory
the general state of wanting to eat
hunger
the satisfaction of a need such as hunger
satiation
the condition of no longer wanting to eat
satiety
a condition in which a person is severely overweight
obesity
an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder that involves eating massive quantities of food then eliminating it all by self-induced vomiting or laxatives
bulimia
physiological arousal that arises from sexual contact or erotic thoughts
sexual arousal
sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of the opposite sex
heterosexuality
sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of the same sex
homosexuality
sexual drive or behavior that is focused on members of both sexes
bisexuality
the degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting them, and experiences satisfaction by doing so
achievement motivation (need for achievement)
a cognitive judgment of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of negative moods and emotions
well-being (subjective well-being)
temporary positive or negative experiences that are felt or happening to the self, that are generated partly by interpretation of situations, and that are accompanied by learned and innate physical responses
emotions
the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body
parasympathetic nervous system
the subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that readies the body for vigorous activity
sympathetic nervous system
the process of explaining the cause of some event
attribution
physical reactions triggered by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight or flight in a threatening situation
fight-flight reaction (fight or flight syndrome)
the theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhances emotional experiences in an independent situation
excitation transfer theory
