Intro to Psychology

Question 1

the science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to apply that understanding in the service of human welfare

Answer 1

psychology

Question 2

a field of psychology that focuses on people’s positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience

Answer 2

positive psychology

Question 3

psychologists whose research focuses on analysis of the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition

Answer 3

cognitive psychologists

Question 4

psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes

Answer 4

biological psychologists

Question 5

psychologists who focus on people’s unique characteristics

Answer 5

personality psychologists

Question 6

psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime

Answer 6

developmental psychologists

Question 7

psychologists who develop statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research

Answer 7

quantitative psychologists

Question 8

psychologists who seek to assess, understand, modify, and prevent behavior disorders

Answer 8

clinical, counseling, and community psychologists

Question 9

psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improve such methods

Answer 9

educational psychologists

Question 10

psychologists who test cognitive abilities, diagnose students’ academic problems, and set up programs to improve students’ achievement

Answer 10

school psychologists

Question 11

psychologists who study how people influence one another’s behavior and attitudes, especially in groups

Answer 11

social psychologists

Question 12

psychologists who examine factors that influence people’s performance in the workplace

Answer 12

industrial and organizational psychologists

Question 13

psychologists who study the effects of behavior on health and the impact of illness on behavior and emotion

Answer 13

health psychologists

Question 14

psychologists whose research is aimed at maximizing athletic performance

Answer 14

sport psychologists

Question 15

psychologists who are involved in many aspects of psychology and law

Answer 15

forensic psychologists

Question 16

psychologists who study and try to improve the relationships between human beings and the computers and other machines they use

Answer 16

engineering psychologists

Question 17

psychologists who study the relationship between people’s physical environment and their behavior

Answer 17

environmental psychologists

Question 18

the view that knowledge comes from experience and observation

Answer 18

empiricism

Question 19

the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity

Answer 19

consciousness

Question 20

the view that behavior is the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain, to hormones, and to other chemicals

Answer 20

biological approach

Question 21

a view that emphasizes the inherited adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes

Answer 21

evolutionary approach

Question 22

a view developed by Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental processes in explaining human thought, feelings, and behavior

Answer 22

psychodynamic approach

Question 23

a view based on the assumption that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned in life, especially through rewards and punishment

Answer 23

behavioral approach

Question 24

a view that emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of action

Answer 24

cognitive approach

Question 25

a view of behavior as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perception of the world

Answer 25

humanistic approach

Question 26

social identity and other background factors such as gender, ethnicity, social class, and culture

Answer 26

sociocultural factors

Question 27

the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, and occupational choices for a group of people who share a common language and environment

Answer 27

culture