Psychopathology

Question 1

What are the problems and supports for the medical model ?

Answer 1

Problems - science behind diagnosis incomplete, evidence scarce, describes behaviours based on normality and abnormality.
Supports - reduce fear and superstition, genetic links eg twin studies.

Question 2

Describe the bio psycho social model of health

Answer 2

Interconnected - health and disorders emerge from people who are part of interconnected system.
Experience physical world through senses, psychological through communication. Viewed as a whole (environment, internal physical system)
Doesn’t undermine the benefit of diagnosis.

Question 3

Describe the social model of disability

Answer 3

Proposes prejudice against those perceived as deviating from the norm are what defines disability. Health problems caused by exclusion from society.

Question 4

What are the implications of the stress vulnerability model ?

Answer 4

Bio and psycho factors influence onset and course of mental and physical health difficulties.
Exposure to sufficient stress - unwell
Too simplistic ?

Question 5

What is allostasis ?

Answer 5

Maintain physical and mental health through physical and psychological adaptation in response to stress.

Question 6

What is allostatic load ?

Answer 6

chronic stress has cumulative effect on mental and physical health

Question 7

What does the ICD 11 say the causation for depression is ?

Answer 7

Biological - monoamine theory
Medical - exclude hypothyroidism

Question 8

What may depression cause ?

Answer 8

Coagulation abnormalities, increased inflammation, endothelia dysfunction, hormonal changes, poor treatment adherence.

Question 9

What are the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia ?

Answer 9

Positive - delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking, disorganised behaviour, passivity and control.
Negative - blunted or flat affect and avolition, slow, lethargic.

Question 10

What is the biological causation of schizophrenia ?

Answer 10

Neurodevelopmental - reduction in grey matter. Twin studies, dopamine hypothesis. Dysfunction of vascular system and inflammatory response, associated with chronic pro inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress induced cellular damage, lead to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.