Dementia

Question 1

define dementia

Answer 1

Progressive, irreversible clinical syndrome that affects cognition and behaviour.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of dementia ?

Answer 2

Alzheimer’s 60%
Vascular 20%
Lewy body 15%

Question 3

What are some symptoms of dementia ?

Answer 3

Cognitive -
amnesia
aphasia (speech)
apraxia (tasks)
agnosia (sensory info)
Non cognitive -
psychotic
affection
behavioural
sleep
personality
incontinence

Question 4

What are the risk factors for dementia ?

Answer 4

Age, genetics, high BP, low IQ, head trauma, female, smoking, diabetes

Question 5

What is the patho of alzheimers?

Answer 5

Degeneration of monoaminergic and cholinergic projections.
Mono - serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine
chol - acetylcholine
Neurone reduction
amyloid plaques
neurofibrillary tangles - tau

Question 6

What are the protective factors for dementia ?

Answer 6

High IQ, anti inflammatory meds, oestrogen, apolipoprotein E2 allele

Question 7

Name the cognitive examination assessment tool

Answer 7

Addenbrookes

Question 8

Describe the cause of dementia

Answer 8

family history, APOE gene, amyloid precursor protein, prensilin 1 and 2

Question 9

Patho of lewy body dementia

Answer 9

Abnormal deposits of protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain. Deposits are called Lewy bodies affect chemicals in the brain whose changes in turn can lead to problems with thinking, movement, behaviours, and mood. Acetylcholine deficiency in temporal and parietal cortex which causes hallucinations. Dopamine deficiencies- hard to coordinate hand movements.
Delusions- hypoperfusion of frontal cortex.

Question 10

what causes vascular dementia ?

Answer 10

reduced blood flow to the brain