Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych > psychopathology > Flashcards

psychopathology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

marie jahoda criteria for normal mental health?

A 
Self- acculisation
Environmental mastery 
accurate perception
Resistance to stress 
Autonomy 
Positive self attitude
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of devation from social norm

A

failure to comply with sociteal norms which is shared standards of acceptable behaviour by groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strengths of deviation from social norms

A

Do have an instinct about someones behaviour if it indicates a psychological issue so it has face value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Weakness of deviation from social norms

A

It is time and culture dependent
No clear line of when behaviour is abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is deviation from ideal mental health

A

Ignores what makes people abnormal focuses on normal marie jahoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health

A
  • Positive approach to mental health, focuses on what is desirable
  • Useful for identifying when someone needs help
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

definition of faliure to function adequately

A

Looks at a persons ability to deal with everyday life, focuses on the behaviour of someone eg can they hold a job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rosenham and seligman suggested which behaviour? Failure to function

A 
1989
Unpredictability 
Uncoventiaonality 
Maladaptiveness
Violation of ideal standards
Observer discomfort 
irrationality 
Personal distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is GAF

A

Global assessment of functioning, part of DSM iv-tr and used by mental health clinicans to rate the social pyschological functioning of afults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The definition of statistical infrequency as a definition of abnormality

A

A persons thinking or begaviour is classified as abnormal if it is statistically unusual or rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

strengths of statistical infrequency

A

Good real life application- clear guidelines for identifying behaviour as normal offers an objective for catergorising which can be helpful for clincians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weakness of statisical infrequency

A
  • doesnt consider the desirability of behaviours eg IQ
  • some behaviour is abnormal even though they are frequent e.g depression old ppl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of a phobia

A

Persistant and unreasonable fear of a particular object activity or situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Different catergories of phobia

A

Specific phobias
Social phobias
Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

behaviour, cognitive and emotional of phobias

A

Behaviour- panic leading to avoidance
Emotional- anxiety
cognitive- irrational process of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Behavioural approach in regards to phobias

A

Phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning- 2 process model monrer 1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strengths of behavioural of phobias

A

Can explain the acquiring and maintenance of phobias which have been associated with an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Weaknesses of behavioural approach to phobias

A
  • doesnt account for the way some phobias are more frequent than others in the population and no evidence they’re associated with events
  • good theory needs to also include biological reasons and evolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is systemic desensitisation?

A

Wolpe 1958- uses the idea of reciprocal inhibition (impossible to hold 2 emotions) and if behaviour can be learned it can be unlearned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Steps of systemic desensitisation

A

1- training client to relax
2- constructing a hierarchy of fear
3- gradual exposure of each part of the hierachy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Strengths of systematic desensitisation

A

Its effective with specific phobias
Gives the paitent a sense of control
Less traumatic and more clients chose it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Weakness of systemic desensitised

A

Less effective with agoraphobia

Long sessions 6-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is flooding?

A

Involves overwhelming the individuals senses learns the phobic stimulus is harmless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Positives of flooding

A

Cost effective
Quick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Negatives of flooding

A

Unpleasant expierence
Feel out of control
Less effective for social phobias
Traumatic and many refuse to start or complete treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

definition of depression

A

Is an affective mood disorder characterised bu low mood and energy levels can effect thought behaviour and well-being

27
Q

Behavioural of depression

A

Disruption to sleep and eating
Agression and self harm

28
Q

Emotional depression

A

Lowered mood, anger, lowered self esteem

29
Q

Cognitive depression

A

Poor concentration
Attending to the negative
Absolutist thinking

30
Q

Cognitive outlook on depression

A

Depression is a disorder of thought rather than mood, faulty cognitions cause abnormal behaviour

31
Q

What did beck propose?

A

An individual has negative automatic thoughts in response to difficult situations based on a set of negative self schema feed into cognitive triad

32
Q

Cognitive triad

A

Negative thoughts about self
Negative thoughts about world
Negative thoughts about the future

33
Q

Faulty cogitions lead to…

A

cognitive biases
minimisation- tendency to underplay a positivr effect
Magnification- tendency to exaggerate significance of an event
Personalisation-

34
Q

What did Ellis propose?

A

Proposed that mood disorders can be explained by itrational thought processes

35
Q

Whats the ABC model?

A

Ellis 1962
Action occurs
the person has beliefs about it
These beliefs impact on the consequence

36
Q

Triad negative evaluation

A

Doesnt explain all the aspects of depression- complex system cant be explained

37
Q

Traid positive

A

Good supporting evidence- evidence has supported that it is to do with faulty processing negative schemas
-practical application in CBT it can be challenged

38
Q

Triad negative

A

Doesnt explain all aspects of depression- feel mulitple different emotions suffers may get hallucinations

39
Q

ABC postive

A

Practical application in therapy CBT

40
Q

ABC negative

A

Offers a partial explanation- not all depression arises due to a obvious case
Doesnt explain all aspects of depression- hallucinations

41
Q

Salkovski cognitive

A

1992 found negative thinking higher in depression suffers

42
Q

What is CBT?

A

Most commonly used psychological treatment helps people change how they think by challenging negative thoughts and encouraging behavioural activation

43
Q

Ellis’ REBT

A

Activating event
Beliefs
Consequences
Disputing irrational beliefs
Expected effective behaviour

44
Q

Negatives of CBT

A

May not work for severe cases, clients may not be motivated enough

  • sucess could just be due to client therapist relationship
  • over emphasis on cognition minimisng the importance of the circumstance and environment
  • its long treatment
45
Q

Definition of OCD

A

classified as a serious anxiety disordr where a person expirences frequeng intrusive and unwelcome obessional thoughts often followed by repetitive compulsions

46
Q

Behaviour of OCD

A

avoidance, Compulsions

47
Q

Emotional of OCD

A

Depressed or other negative emotions

48
Q

Cognitives of OCD

A

Obsessive thoughts + intrusions

49
Q

Biological approach to OCD

A

believe there is a gentic aspect to the disorder, biochemical imbalance in the brain

50
Q

Nestadl At AL

A

2000 OCD of 14 twin studies 54/80 concordance for MZ twins

51
Q

Candidate genes? for OCD

A

Sapap3- controls planning
SERT- regulates serotonin
COMT- regulates dopamine

52
Q

Evaluation of genetic explanation of OCD

A

Evidence suggests genetics play a part, twin studies.
Candidate genes- but only increase by a fraction
Can be triggered by environment after having candidate genes

53
Q

Neural explanation for OCD

A
  • certain brain circuits may be abnormal
  • abnormal levels of certain transmitters
54
Q

Parts of the brain effected by OCD

A

Basal ganglia-repeative motor behaviour
Orbital frontal cortex- decision making and worrying
Thalamus- cleaning and checking

55
Q

What is serotonin?

A

Neurotransmitter used to regulate mood if there are low levels of serotonin then normal transmission of mood info doesnt take place affecting mood

56
Q

evaluation of neural explanation for OCD

A
  • advances in tech have meant that researchers have been able to investigate specific areas of the brain.
  • the repetitive acts may be explained bh the structural abnornality of the basal but doesnt account for the obessive thoughts.
  • no system has been found that is always in OCD
  • not everyone with OCD has impaired basal and not everyone with an impaired basal has OCD
57
Q

drugs involved in treatment for OCD

A

ssri- used to tackle the symptoms of OCD Precents the re uptake of serotonin
Trycylics- anti- depressant block the uptake of neurotransmitters
Anti-anxiety drugs- benzodiazepines increases GABA a neurotransmitter quitens the neural system
Beta blockers- reduce activation of the cardiovascular system

58
Q

what did Keller research?

A

Keller et al found that recovery rates when just drugs 55% compared to CBT 52% and 85% when used together for depression.

59
Q

what did Feng et al find?

A

-Feng et al 2007, OCD.
- found mice lacking the gene showed high levels of anxiety and pulled out their fur when given sapap3 protein however the symptoms disappeared, hard to relate to humans as different physiology.

60
Q

What did Cromer find?

A

-Cromer 2007 found that over half the OCD patients in their sample had a traumatic event in the past and OCD was more severe in those with more than one trauma this means that it may not just be fully genetic.

61
Q

negative evaluation of failure to function adequately

A

*Cultural relativism – what is considered adequate in one culture might not be so in another.
*FFA might not be linked to abnormality but to other factors. Failure to keep a job may be due to the economic situation not to psychopathology.
*FFA is context dependent; not eating can be seen as failing to function adequately but prisoners on hunger strikes making a protest can be seen in a different light.

62
Q

what did Beck believe about cognitive approach to depression?

A

-cognitive bias, depressed people focus on the negative, catastrophing thinking the worst of everything.
-negative self-schemas, interpret info about themselves in a negative way.
-triad, self future and world.

63
Q

what did Mcgarth study?

A

-SD is 75% effective when treating phobias

64
Q

what did Choy find?

A

-both SD and flooding are effective with flooding more so.

psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions