Psychology Chapter 8

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

The theory that a stimulus triggers activity in the body, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

The theory that a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain

Question 4

Two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 4

The theory that emotions are based on inferences about the causes of physiological arousal

Question 5

Appraisal

Answer 5

An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

Question 6

Emotion regulation

Answer 6

The strategies people use to influence their own emotional experiences

Question 7

Reappraisal

Answer 7

Changing one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus

Question 8

Emotional expression

Answer 8

An observable sign of an emotional state

Question 9

Universality hypothesis

Answer 9

The theory that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone

Question 10

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 10

The theory that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify

Question 11

Motivation

Answer 11

The psychological cause of an action

Question 12

Hedonic principle

Answer 12

The claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 13

Drive

Answer 13

An internal state caused by physiological needs

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

The tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in an optimal state

Question 15

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 15

A theory suggesting that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives

Question 16

Binge eating disorder

Answer 16

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large number of calories in a short time

Question 17

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 17

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaivour

Question 18

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 18

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and a severe restriction of food intake

Question 19

Human sexual response cycle

Answer 19

The stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity

Question 20

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 20

A motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding

Question 21

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 21

A motivation to take actions that lead to reward

Question 22

Conscious motivations

Answer 22

Motivations of which people are aware

Question 23

Unconscious motivations

Answer 23

Motivations of which people are not aware

Question 24

Need for achievement

Answer 24

The motivation to solve worthwhile problems

Question 25

Approach motivation

Answer 25

The motivation to experience a positive outcome

Question 26

Avoidance motivation

Answer 26

The motivation not to experience a negative outcome

Question 27

Loss aversion

Answer 27

The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-size gains

Question 28

Terror management theory

Answer 28

The theory that people cope with their existential terror by developing a cultural worldview

Question 29

Display rule

Answer 29

A norm for the appropriate expression of emotion

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

The rate at which energy is used by the body