Psychology Chapter 8 Flashcards
Emotion
A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity
James-Lange theory
The theory that a stimulus triggers activity in the body, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
Cannon-Bard theory
The theory that a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain
Two-factor theory of emotion
The theory that emotions are based on inferences about the causes of physiological arousal
Appraisal
An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus
Emotion regulation
The strategies people use to influence their own emotional experiences
Reappraisal
Changing one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus
Emotional expression
An observable sign of an emotional state
Universality hypothesis
The theory that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone
Facial feedback hypothesis
The theory that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify
Motivation
The psychological cause of an action
Hedonic principle
The claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
Drive
An internal state caused by physiological needs
Homeostasis
The tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in an optimal state
Drive-reduction theory
A theory suggesting that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
Binge eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large number of calories in a short time
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by compensatory behaivour
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being overweight and a severe restriction of food intake
Human sexual response cycle
The stages of physiological arousal during sexual activity
Intrinsic motivation
A motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding
Extrinsic motivation
A motivation to take actions that lead to reward
Conscious motivations
Motivations of which people are aware
Unconscious motivations
Motivations of which people are not aware
Need for achievement
The motivation to solve worthwhile problems
Approach motivation
The motivation to experience a positive outcome
Avoidance motivation
The motivation not to experience a negative outcome
Loss aversion
The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-size gains
Terror management theory
The theory that people cope with their existential terror by developing a cultural worldview
Display rule
A norm for the appropriate expression of emotion
Metabolism
The rate at which energy is used by the body
