Psychology Chapter 10 Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to use one’s mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience
Ratio IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the preson’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing an adult’s test score by the average adult’s test score and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Two-factor of intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that a person’s performance on a test is due to a combination of general ability and skills that are specific to the test
Crystallized Intelligence
The ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience
Fluid intelligence
The ability to solve and reason about novel problems
Emotional intelligence
The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning
Fraternal twins (or dizygotic twins)
Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm
Identical twins (or monozygotic twins)
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm
Heritability coefficient
A statistic (commonly denoted as h^2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that can be explained by differences in their genes
Shared environment
Features of the environment that are experienced by all relevant members of a household
Nonshared environment
Features of the environment that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household
Stereotype threat
The fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold
Cognitive enhancers
Drugs that improve the psychological processes that underlie intelligent performance
