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Developmental Psychology > Psychology Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

A

Storm-and-stress

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2
Q

The most important marker of adolescence, but will end far before adolescents does

A

Puberty

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3
Q

A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence

A

Puberty

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4
Q

The most noticeable changes among adolescence during puberty is..

A

Sexual maturation
Increase in height
Increase in weight

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5
Q

Puberty can be thought of as ______, while adolescence can be thought of as ______

A

Puberty: physiological
Adolescence: emotional & cognitive

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6
Q

To be covered with hair

A

Pubscere

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7
Q

The large period when gradual change occurs starts at about age..

A

10-12

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8
Q

The large period when gradual change occurs will end at about age..

A

18-22

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9
Q

In females, the first menstruation is referred to as..

A

Menarche

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10
Q

Menarche occurs at about age..

A

12 1/2

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11
Q

In males, the first ejaculation is referred to as..

A

Semenarche

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12
Q

Semenarche occurs at about age..

A

13

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13
Q

This physiological development gives adolescence the ability to reproduce..

A

Puberty

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14
Q

During early adolescence, girls tend to be ______ & _____ but boys eventually catch up or surpass

A

Girls tend to be taller and out-weigh boys

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15
Q

Boys tend to catch up in height and weight by about age..

A

14

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16
Q

The growth spurt occurs approximately ___ years sooner for girls than boys

A

2

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17
Q

During the growth spurt, girls increase by _____ inches a year

A

3 1/2

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18
Q

During the growth spurt, boys increase by _____ inches a year

A

4

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19
Q

The term used for the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty

A

Precocious puberty

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20
Q

Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the blood stream

A

Hormones

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21
Q

The endocrine systems role in puberty involves..

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary glands
Gonads

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22
Q

The structure in the brain that monitors eating and sex

A

Hypothalamus

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23
Q

An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands like the gonads

A

Pituitary glands

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24
Q

The testes in males
The ovaries in females
Particularly important in giving rise to pubertal changes

A

Gonads

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25
Q

Puberty starts with the _______ glands

A

Adrenal glands

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26
Q

The adrenal glands sit..

A

On top of your kidneys

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27
Q

The sex hormone in the adrenal glands that takes part in body hair and oil secretion

A

Adrenal androgen (adrenaline)

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28
Q

In the tanner stages, puberty takes place during stages..

A

2-5

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29
Q

It takes girls _____ years to go through the stages

A

4-5

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30
Q

It takes boys ____ years to go through the stages

A

3

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31
Q

It is important to know that precocious puberty is NOT..

A

Just early puberty

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32
Q

Precocious puberty would be before the age of ___ in girls and ____ in boys

A

Girls: before 8
Boys: before 9

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33
Q

Because Dr.’s don’t want puberty to start too early, they will..

A

Put a break on it (or stop the puberty) and then release it at an appropriate time

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34
Q

While opinions on early puberty for boys are mixed, early puberty for girls is bad for these reasons..

A 
Depression
Anxiety
Low self esteem
Suicidal
HPV
Eating disorder
Academic difficulties
Delinquency
Teen pregnancy
Obesity
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35
Q

What is the early puberty difficulty hypothesis about girls

A

Maturation disparity hypothesis

36
Q

The hypothesis about girls getting the wrong attention from early puberty and having bad spin off effects from it
For example: depression

A

Maturation disparity hypothesis

37
Q

What are some developmental changes aside from height and weight during adolescence

A

Muscles
Eyes (myopia->nearsited->glasses)
Brain (cognitive skills such as thinking, planning, reasoning..are still developing)

38
Q

What are the primary sex characteristics

A

The development of the gonads

39
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics

A

The things that happen because of the gonads (periods/ejaculation)

40
Q

When the brain cells that are being used during adolescence stay active throughout life, but the neural connections that are not being used will slowly fade

A

Pruning (use it or loose it)

41
Q

Factors that can influence puberty starting earlier and earlier in different cultures

A

Diet and nutrition
Environment
Epigenetics

42
Q

We have learned in this chapter that the brain is still developing during adolescence.. whose theory does this interfere with?

A

Piaget, because he said that development stops after adolescence

43
Q

Where fibers connect the brains left and right hemispheres improving information processing

A

Corpus callosum

44
Q

The highest level of the frontal lobes involved in reasoning, decision making, and self control

A

Prefrontal cortex

45
Q

The seat of emotions such as anger, matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex

A

Amygdala

46
Q

Involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes

A

Developmental social neuroscience

47
Q

What are the main reasons for sleep in adolescence

A

Memory: gathering all you’ve learned

Growth, cell repair, & maintenance

48
Q

How many hours of sleep should teens be getting a night?

A

9 hours

49
Q

When is melatonin released in adolescence

A

9:30 pm in younger adolescences

An hour later (10:30) in older adolescence

50
Q

Where is melatonin produced

A

In the brain’s pineal gland

51
Q

The sleep inducing hormone

A

Melatonin

52
Q

What are the problems that come with tired teens

A 
Bad eating habits/obesity
Substance abuse
Slow reaction time
Academic problems
Illness
Uncontrolled moods: depression, irritability, frustration
53
Q

Who holds the world record for staying awake the longest with no stimulants

A

Randy Gardner: 11 days

54
Q

3 most reliable effects of sleep deprivation

A

Increase in sleepiness
Negative affects
Decreased performance on vigilance tasks

55
Q

What 2 factors influence sleep deprivation

A

Biologically: melatonin release
Socially: electronics, parties

56
Q

What are some emotional difficulties that come with adolescence

A

Difficult to adapt to adolescent changes
Eating disorders
Sleep problems

57
Q

What are the two types of chronotypes involving sleep

A 
Morning chronotype (morning person)
Evening chronotype (night owl)
58
Q

Characteristics of an evening chronotype

A

Suicidal
Delinquency
More sleep deprived

59
Q

An undeveloped prefrontal cortex leads to..

A

Risky behavior
Bad decisions
Bad mood / mood swings

60
Q

In terms of physical growth the brain is ___% of its full size by age 6

A

95%

61
Q

The 3 leading causes of death in adolescence are..

A

Accidents
Homicide
Suicide

62
Q

The 2 most common eating disorders among girls

A

Anorexia nervosa

Belimia nervosa

63
Q

Frued focuses on ______ development

A

Psychosexual

64
Q

Erickson focuses on ______ development

A

Emotional/mind/identity

65
Q

What can influence the development of identity

A 
Cognitive changes
Thinking independently 
Moral changes
Physical changes
Social changes
66
Q

The time of finding ones self is known as the..

A

Psychosocial moratorium

67
Q

Marcia explored the relationship between..

A

Exploration & commitment throughout identity formation

68
Q

Exploration & commitment talked about..

A

Decisions & the outcomes of decisions that relate to your identity formation

69
Q

What are the 4 phases/statuses of identity that one can go through during exploration and commitment

A

Diffusion
Foreclosure
Moratorium
Achievement

70
Q

What influences a person’s identity formation

A

Parenting styles
Adolescence behavior
Social environments

71
Q

What is the “mama” cycle

A

The exploration of moratorium vs. achievement

72
Q

12-18 year olds are ususally at what 2 statuses in identity

A

Diffuses & foreclosed

73
Q

By 21 (end of college) individuals have reached what 2 statuses in identity

A

Moratorium & achievement

74
Q

The individuals who are 21+ in the “mama” cycle usually have a higher..

A

Self esteem

75
Q

What are the 4 ways to resolve ethnic identity

A

Assimilated
Marginal
Separated
Bi cultural

76
Q

The eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

A

Anorexia nervosa

77
Q

Characteristics of an individual with anorexia

A 
Body distortion
Well behaved
Good students
Middle class families
Perfectionists
Controlling parents
78
Q

The eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern

A

Bulimia nervosa

79
Q

Characteristics of an individual with bulimia

A 
Binging/purging
Childhood obesity
Early menstruation
Psychiatric problems
Low self esteem
80
Q

Characteristics of binge-eating

A 
Eating fast
Eating all the time
Eating even when very full
Alone
Disgusted with ones self
Depressed
No purging
81
Q

What are some causes of eating disorders

A 
Social ideals
Tv / media
Genetics
Personality
Family dynamics
Stressful life events
82
Q

What are some treatments for eating disorders

A

Medical
Behavior modifications
Therapy
Drug treatments

83
Q

The heightened self-consciousness of adolescences

A

Adolescent ego centrism

84
Q

The adolescent’s belief that others are as interested in them as they are themselves (attempts at grabbing everyone’s attention/or the thought that all eyes are on you)

A

Imaginary audience

85
Q

The part of adolescent ego centrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility

A

Personal fable

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

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