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Developmental Psychology > Psychology Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch. 9 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

The view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

A

Storm-and-stress

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2
Q

The most important marker of adolescence, but will end far before adolescents does

A

Puberty

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3
Q

A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence

A

Puberty

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4
Q

The most noticeable changes among adolescence during puberty is..

A

Sexual maturation
Increase in height
Increase in weight

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5
Q

Puberty can be thought of as ______, while adolescence can be thought of as ______

A

Puberty: physiological
Adolescence: emotional & cognitive

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6
Q

To be covered with hair

A

Pubscere

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7
Q

The large period when gradual change occurs starts at about age..

A

10-12

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8
Q

The large period when gradual change occurs will end at about age..

A

18-22

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9
Q

In females, the first menstruation is referred to as..

A

Menarche

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10
Q

Menarche occurs at about age..

A

12 1/2

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11
Q

In males, the first ejaculation is referred to as..

A

Semenarche

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12
Q

Semenarche occurs at about age..

A

13

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13
Q

This physiological development gives adolescence the ability to reproduce..

A

Puberty

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14
Q

During early adolescence, girls tend to be ______ & _____ but boys eventually catch up or surpass

A

Girls tend to be taller and out-weigh boys

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15
Q

Boys tend to catch up in height and weight by about age..

A

14

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16
Q

The growth spurt occurs approximately ___ years sooner for girls than boys

A

2

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17
Q

During the growth spurt, girls increase by _____ inches a year

A

3 1/2

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18
Q

During the growth spurt, boys increase by _____ inches a year

A

4

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19
Q

The term used for the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty

A

Precocious puberty

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20
Q

Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the blood stream

A

Hormones

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21
Q

The endocrine systems role in puberty involves..

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary glands
Gonads

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22
Q

The structure in the brain that monitors eating and sex

A

Hypothalamus

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23
Q

An important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands like the gonads

A

Pituitary glands

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24
Q

The testes in males
The ovaries in females
Particularly important in giving rise to pubertal changes

A

Gonads

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25
Puberty starts with the _______ glands
Adrenal glands
26
The adrenal glands sit..
On top of your kidneys
27
The sex hormone in the adrenal glands that takes part in body hair and oil secretion
Adrenal androgen (adrenaline)
28
In the tanner stages, puberty takes place during stages..
2-5
29
It takes girls _____ years to go through the stages
4-5
30
It takes boys ____ years to go through the stages
3
31
It is important to know that precocious puberty is NOT..
Just early puberty
32
Precocious puberty would be before the age of ___ in girls and ____ in boys
Girls: before 8 Boys: before 9
33
Because Dr.'s don't want puberty to start too early, they will..
Put a break on it (or stop the puberty) and then release it at an appropriate time
34
While opinions on early puberty for boys are mixed, early puberty for girls is bad for these reasons..
``` Depression Anxiety Low self esteem Suicidal HPV Eating disorder Academic difficulties Delinquency Teen pregnancy Obesity ```
35
What is the early puberty difficulty hypothesis about girls
Maturation disparity hypothesis
36
The hypothesis about girls getting the wrong attention from early puberty and having bad spin off effects from it For example: depression
Maturation disparity hypothesis
37
What are some developmental changes aside from height and weight during adolescence
Muscles Eyes (myopia->nearsited->glasses) Brain (cognitive skills such as thinking, planning, reasoning..are still developing)
38
What are the primary sex characteristics
The development of the gonads
39
What are the secondary sex characteristics
The things that happen because of the gonads (periods/ejaculation)
40
When the brain cells that are being used during adolescence stay active throughout life, but the neural connections that are not being used will slowly fade
Pruning (use it or loose it)
41
Factors that can influence puberty starting earlier and earlier in different cultures
Diet and nutrition Environment Epigenetics
42
We have learned in this chapter that the brain is still developing during adolescence.. whose theory does this interfere with?
Piaget, because he said that development stops after adolescence
43
Where fibers connect the brains left and right hemispheres improving information processing
Corpus callosum
44
The highest level of the frontal lobes involved in reasoning, decision making, and self control
Prefrontal cortex
45
The seat of emotions such as anger, matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
46
Involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes
Developmental social neuroscience
47
What are the main reasons for sleep in adolescence
Memory: gathering all you've learned | Growth, cell repair, & maintenance
48
How many hours of sleep should teens be getting a night?
9 hours
49
When is melatonin released in adolescence
9:30 pm in younger adolescences | An hour later (10:30) in older adolescence
50
Where is melatonin produced
In the brain's pineal gland
51
The sleep inducing hormone
Melatonin
52
What are the problems that come with tired teens
``` Bad eating habits/obesity Substance abuse Slow reaction time Academic problems Illness Uncontrolled moods: depression, irritability, frustration ```
53
Who holds the world record for staying awake the longest with no stimulants
Randy Gardner: 11 days
54
3 most reliable effects of sleep deprivation
Increase in sleepiness Negative affects Decreased performance on vigilance tasks
55
What 2 factors influence sleep deprivation
Biologically: melatonin release Socially: electronics, parties
56
What are some emotional difficulties that come with adolescence
Difficult to adapt to adolescent changes Eating disorders Sleep problems
57
What are the two types of chronotypes involving sleep
``` Morning chronotype (morning person) Evening chronotype (night owl) ```
58
Characteristics of an evening chronotype
Suicidal Delinquency More sleep deprived
59
An undeveloped prefrontal cortex leads to..
Risky behavior Bad decisions Bad mood / mood swings
60
In terms of physical growth the brain is ___% of its full size by age 6
95%
61
The 3 leading causes of death in adolescence are..
Accidents Homicide Suicide
62
The 2 most common eating disorders among girls
Anorexia nervosa | Belimia nervosa
63
Frued focuses on ______ development
Psychosexual
64
Erickson focuses on ______ development
Emotional/mind/identity
65
What can influence the development of identity
``` Cognitive changes Thinking independently Moral changes Physical changes Social changes ```
66
The time of finding ones self is known as the..
Psychosocial moratorium
67
Marcia explored the relationship between..
Exploration & commitment throughout identity formation
68
Exploration & commitment talked about..
Decisions & the outcomes of decisions that relate to your identity formation
69
What are the 4 phases/statuses of identity that one can go through during exploration and commitment
Diffusion Foreclosure Moratorium Achievement
70
What influences a person's identity formation
Parenting styles Adolescence behavior Social environments
71
What is the "mama" cycle
The exploration of moratorium vs. achievement
72
12-18 year olds are ususally at what 2 statuses in identity
Diffuses & foreclosed
73
By 21 (end of college) individuals have reached what 2 statuses in identity
Moratorium & achievement
74
The individuals who are 21+ in the "mama" cycle usually have a higher..
Self esteem
75
What are the 4 ways to resolve ethnic identity
Assimilated Marginal Separated Bi cultural
76
The eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Anorexia nervosa
77
Characteristics of an individual with anorexia
``` Body distortion Well behaved Good students Middle class families Perfectionists Controlling parents ```
78
The eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern
Bulimia nervosa
79
Characteristics of an individual with bulimia
``` Binging/purging Childhood obesity Early menstruation Psychiatric problems Low self esteem ```
80
Characteristics of binge-eating
``` Eating fast Eating all the time Eating even when very full Alone Disgusted with ones self Depressed No purging ```
81
What are some causes of eating disorders
``` Social ideals Tv / media Genetics Personality Family dynamics Stressful life events ```
82
What are some treatments for eating disorders
Medical Behavior modifications Therapy Drug treatments
83
The heightened self-consciousness of adolescences
Adolescent ego centrism
84
The adolescent's belief that others are as interested in them as they are themselves (attempts at grabbing everyone's attention/or the thought that all eyes are on you)
Imaginary audience
85
The part of adolescent ego centrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility
Personal fable

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

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