Psychology Ch. 8 Flashcards
Refers to the global evaluations of the self, also called self worth: “I am a good person”
Self esteem
Refers to domain specific evaluations, domains: academics, athletics, appearance
Self concept
The belief that one can master a situation and produce a favorable outcome
Self-efficacy
What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral thinking
Level 1- Preconventional reasoning
Level 2- Conventional reasoning
Level 3- Postconventional reasoning
What are the 2 stages of preconventional reasoning (p.206 image)
Stage 1- Heteronomous morality
Stage 2- Individualism, instrumental purpose, exchange
What are the 2 stages of conventional reasoning (p.206 image)
Stage 3- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
Stage 4- Social systems morality
What are the 2 stages of postconventional reasoning (p.206 image)
Stage 5- Social contract or utility and individual rights
Stage 6- Universal ethical principles
Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about females and males
Gender stereotype
The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
Androgyny (Sandra Bem)
A child-child relationship is
Egalitarian
Who established the group socialization theory
Judith Harris- research paper talking about peer influences
Theory stating that: behaviors are genetic, siblings behave differently because of peers, socialization is context specific, transmitting culture (overall saying that parents dont have much of a role)
The group socialization theory- Judith Harris
Peers are needed for..
Support
An open and honest relationship
Different kinds of relationships with parents
Friendships can start..
When kids begin talking
Younger than 2 they can have preferences
Best friend relationships are healthy
What are the 5 categories of popularity
- Popular
- Rejected
- Neglected
- Controversial
- Average
No one likes these type these type of kids and they rarely have best friends
Rejected
No one knows who these kids are and they rarely have best friends
Neglected
These are controversially the mean girls, liked by some but really disliked by others
Controversial
Everyone likes these people
Popular
These kids have an average number of kids who like them and kids who dont like them, also a little out of every category
Average
Benefits of popularity
Social skills Less depression Ego development Secure attachment Positive relations with mother and best friend
Risks of popularity
Sexual activity
Minor delinquency
Substance use
Factors that effect if you are popular or not
Parenting styles Body type/attractiveness Behavior Cognitive skills Birth order Last names
A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teachers
Constructivist approach
