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Developmental Psychology > Psychology Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch. 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to the global evaluations of the self, also called self worth: “I am a good person”

A

Self esteem

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2
Q

Refers to domain specific evaluations, domains: academics, athletics, appearance

A

Self concept

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3
Q

The belief that one can master a situation and produce a favorable outcome

A

Self-efficacy

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4
Q

What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral thinking

A

Level 1- Preconventional reasoning
Level 2- Conventional reasoning
Level 3- Postconventional reasoning

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5
Q

What are the 2 stages of preconventional reasoning (p.206 image)

A

Stage 1- Heteronomous morality

Stage 2- Individualism, instrumental purpose, exchange

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6
Q

What are the 2 stages of conventional reasoning (p.206 image)

A

Stage 3- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
Stage 4- Social systems morality

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7
Q

What are the 2 stages of postconventional reasoning (p.206 image)

A

Stage 5- Social contract or utility and individual rights

Stage 6- Universal ethical principles

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8
Q

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about females and males

A

Gender stereotype

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9
Q

The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person

A

Androgyny (Sandra Bem)

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10
Q

A child-child relationship is

A

Egalitarian

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11
Q

Who established the group socialization theory

A

Judith Harris- research paper talking about peer influences

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12
Q

Theory stating that: behaviors are genetic, siblings behave differently because of peers, socialization is context specific, transmitting culture (overall saying that parents dont have much of a role)

A

The group socialization theory- Judith Harris

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13
Q

Peers are needed for..

A

Support
An open and honest relationship
Different kinds of relationships with parents

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14
Q

Friendships can start..

A

When kids begin talking
Younger than 2 they can have preferences
Best friend relationships are healthy

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15
Q

What are the 5 categories of popularity

A
  1. Popular
  2. Rejected
  3. Neglected
  4. Controversial
  5. Average
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16
Q

No one likes these type these type of kids and they rarely have best friends

A

Rejected

17
Q

No one knows who these kids are and they rarely have best friends

A

Neglected

18
Q

These are controversially the mean girls, liked by some but really disliked by others

A

Controversial

19
Q

Everyone likes these people

A

Popular

20
Q

These kids have an average number of kids who like them and kids who dont like them, also a little out of every category

A

Average

21
Q

Benefits of popularity

A 
Social skills
Less depression
Ego development
Secure attachment
Positive relations with mother and best friend
22
Q

Risks of popularity

A

Sexual activity
Minor delinquency
Substance use

23
Q

Factors that effect if you are popular or not

A 
Parenting styles
Body type/attractiveness
Behavior
Cognitive skills
Birth order 
Last names
24
Q

A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teachers

A

Constructivist approach

25
Q

A structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for student’s progress, maximum time spent by students on learning tasks, and efforts by the teacher to keep negative affect to a minimum

A

Direct instruction approach

26
Q

Critiques to Kohlbergs theory on moral development

A
  1. Too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough on moral behavior
  2. Underestimate the contribution of families
  3. Doesn’t adequately reflect relationships and concerns for others
  4. His theory is culturally biased to the US
  5. Stage theory cannot describe moral development

Developmental Psychology (9 decks)

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