Pharmacology Exam 1 Drug List Flashcards
Classification of PHENYLEPHRINE (Neo-Synephrine)
TC: Nasal decongestant
PC: Adrenergic (sympathomimetics)
Action/use of PHENYLPHRINE (Neo-Synephrine)
Specifically an alpha-adrenergic agonist (fight or flight stimulation)
Nasal decongestant
Maintains a good BP
Side/adverse affects of PHENYLPHRINE (Neo-Synephrine)
Intranasal use can cause burning of the mucosa and rebound nasal congestion if used for long periods of time
High doses can elevate BP causing bradycardia (slows heart rate down)
Also maybe anxiety, restlessness, and tremors
BLACKBOX: no IV use
Classification of EPINEPHRINE
TC: Anti-allergy and cardiac stimulation
PC: Pure Adrenergic
Action/use of EPINEPHRINE
Specifically stimulates alpha receptors (fight or flight stimulation)
Used for cardiac arrest, asthma, allergry reactions such as anaphylaxis in which you would need an epi-pen
Side/adverse affects of EPINEPHRINE
Rapid heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Overdose can cause a heart attack
Classification of PRAZOSIN (Minipress)
TC: Antihypertensive (lowers BP)
PC: Adrenergic blocker
Action/use of PRAZOSIN (Minipress)
Selectively an alpha1 adrenergic anatagonist
Blocks norepinephrine at its receptors
Reduces blood pressure so can be used to treat hypertension
Commonly used in combination with beta blockers or diurectics
Side/adverse effects of PRAZOSIN (Minipress)
Like other alpha blockers, tends to cause orthostatic hypotension which is a large drop in BP, so it should be given before bed and the first dose should be very low
Classification of BETHANECHOL (Urecholine)
TC: Nonobstructive urinary retention agent
PC: Cholinergic agonist
Action/use of BETHANECHOL (Urecholine)
Parasympathomimetic that causes parasympathetic stimulation
Stimulates smooth muscle contractions to clear digestive and urinary tracts, as well as treating nonobstructive urinary retention
Side/adverse effects of BETHANECHOL (Urecholine)
Increased salvation, sweating, abdominal cramping, hypotension leading to fainting, belching, diarrhea, diaphoresis (stay close to the bathroom)
*Pts with asthma, epilepsy, parkinsons should not use
Classification of PHYSOSTIGMINE (Antilirium)
TC: Antidote for atropine-induced delirium
PC: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (so parasympathetic actions will occur)
Action/use of PHYSOSTIGMINE (Antilirium)
Parasympathetic that stops the destruction of acetylcholine
Side/adverse effects of PHYSOSTIGMINE (Antilirium)
Bradycardia, asytole, restlessness, nervousness, seizures, salivation, urinary frequently, muscle twitching, respiratory paralysis
Classification of ATROPINE
TC: Antitode for anticholinesterase poisoning and suppresses abnormal heart rhythms
PC: Cholinergic receptor blocker (induces sympathetic)
Action/use of ATROPINE
Blocks acetylcholine and induces fight or flight
as well as raising heart rate
Side/adverse effects of ATROPINE
Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate, excitement may progress to delirium and even coma
Classification of ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE (Lexapro)
TC: Antidepressant, anxiolytic (anti anxiety)
PC: SSRI (selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors)
Action/use of ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE (Lexapro)
Increases seratonin in the body (makes you happy) so used for depression
Side/adverse effects of ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE (Lexapro)
Dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia, confusion, sweating, and seizures if you overdose
When you take 2 meds at night it can cause seratonin syndrome
Classification of LORAZEPAM (Ativan)
TC: Sedative (hypnotic, anxiolytic, anesthetic adjunct)
PC: Inhibits neurotransmitters, benzodiazepine
Action/use of LORAZEPAM (Ativan)
Binds to GABA receptors and used for sleep, anxiety, and sedation
Side/adverse effects of LORAZEPAM (Ativan)
Drowsiness, dizziness, sedation, blurred or double vision, nausea, vomiting
Classification of ZOLPIDEM (Ambien)
TC: Sedative hypnotic
PC: Non benzodiazepine
Action/use of ZOLPIDEM (Ambien)
Acts of GABA receptor as well, treats short term insomnia
Side/adverse effects of ZOLPIDEM (Ambien)
Daytime sedation, confusion, dizziness, vomiting, clumsy, unsteady when walking Schedule IV (may cause dependence)
Classification of LIDOCAINE
TC: anesthetic, antidysrhythmic (IV route)
PC: sodium channel blocker, amide
Action/use of LIDOCAINE
Blocks pain impulse
Most commonly injected locally
Blocks sodium channels
**SIDE EFFECTS ARE UNCOMMON
Classification of NITROUS OXIDE
TC: General anesthetic that works as a sedative
PC: Inhalation of a gaseous drug
Action/use of NITROUS OXIDE
Suppresses pain in the CNS
Common in dental procedures and surgeries
Side/adverse effects of NITROUS OXIDE
Adverse signs of stage 2 (start to get restless/moaning/groaning)
Classification of MIDAZOLAM (Versed)
TC: sedative hypnotic antianxiety
PC: schedule IV (may cause dependence) benzodiazepine
Action/use of MIDAZOLAM (Versed)
Enhances GABA
Anxiolytic, amnesia, sedation
Side/adverse effects of MIDAZOLAM (Versed)
Slows respiratory rate
*Black box warning for respiratory depression
Classification of FENTANYL (Sublimaze)
TC: Analgesic
PC: Opioid
Action/use of FENTANYL (Sublimaze)
Binds to opioid receptor and inhibits pain pathways
Side/adverse effects of FENTANYL (Sublimaze)
Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting
Classification of PROPOFOL (Diprivan)
TC: General anesthetic
PC: Rapid acting, general anesthesia
Action/use of PROPOFOL (Diprivan)
Used for conscious sedation, inhibits sympathetic nerve activity
Side/adverse effects of PROPOFOL (Diprivan)
Pain at the injection site, low BP, slow respirations
Classifications of SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine)
TC: Nueromuscular blocker, skeletal muscle paralytic drug
PC: Acetylcholine receptor blocker, depolarizing blocker
Action/use of SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine)
Acts on cholinergic receptor sites
Blocks acetylcholine and causes muscle weakness
Side/adverse effects of SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine)
Can cause paralysis
Hypotension
Urinary retention
