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Psychology and Law > Psychology and the Legal System > Flashcards

Psychology and the Legal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Shock makes you remember vivid details, true or false?

A

False. High levels of emotional arousal makes it hard for your brain to remember all/accurate details.

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2
Q

____________ is when someone messes up details and talks with others that also don’t have accurate details.

A

Co-witness

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3
Q

If a weapon is used in a crime, people focus on the weapon. this is called the ___________________.

A

Weapon focus effect

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4
Q

______________ is when we have an idea in our head of what an offender of a crime would stereotypically look like and we base our knowledge on that, causing details of a crime to become skewed based on what we were expecting.

A

Knowledge basis

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5
Q

______________ can cause witnesses’ details of a crime to be skewed e.g. dark outside, tinted bus window, etc.

A

Obscured vision

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6
Q

What does NCR stands for?

A

Not criminally responsible

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7
Q

Psychology as a science is focused on approximating _____________.

A

The truth

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8
Q

The legal system is focused on approximating ______________.

A

Justice

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9
Q

Psychology is rooted in ________________.

A

Empiricism

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10
Q

Legal systems are rooted in ____________ and ___________.

A

Intuition and gut

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11
Q

Psychologists are more focused on ______________ e.g. the chance the offender with re-offend.

A

Probabilities

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12
Q

Recidivism means ______________.

A

Re-offend

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13
Q

The legal system exclusively deals in ______________ e.g. to defendant is either guilty or not guilty.

A

Absolutes

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14
Q

Psychologists try/tend to be ________________ e.g. they let the facts guide them.

A

Objective

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15
Q

Legal systems are interested in _________________ e.g. two sides battling it out two decide a winner.

A

Adversaries

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16
Q

Psychology as a science is focused on the ______________ e.g. finding new evidence and ideas.

A

Future

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17
Q

Legal systems are focused on the _______________ e.g. decisions we make today are based on things we decided years ago.

A

Past

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18
Q

__________________ means “let the decision stand”

A

Stare decisis

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19
Q

Legal systems make their decisions based on _______________.

A

Stare decisis

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20
Q

_________________ typically help and treat patients.

A

Clinical psychologists

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21
Q

_________________ collect data and perform research.

A

Experimental psychologists

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22
Q

________________ asses offenders of suspects and provide treatment programs for offenders.

A

Clinical forensic psychologists

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23
Q

___________________ do research that relates to the legal system.

A

Experimental forensic psychologists

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24
Q

_____________________ have a PhD in psychology and a law degree.

A

Legal scholars

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25
Q

______________ figure out what kind of juror is best for a case

A

Trial consultant

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26
Q

___________________ a person who works to change and improve society, government, etc.

A

Reformers

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27
Q

Showing offender photos one at a time instead of all at once reduces the chance of false identification by ____________

A

2/3

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28
Q

_____________ take it upon themself (by choice) to inform the court with information that they think might help the court with reaching a fair or just decision e.g. Amanda Knox.

A

Writer of amicus curaie brief

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29
Q

__________________ is hired by the defence or the prosecution to offer their OPINION on evidence.

A

Expert witness

30
Q

Expert witness approaches include ___________________________.

A

Conduit-educator, advocate, and hired guns.

31
Q

The Daubert criteria includes __________________.

A

Peer review, general acceptance, falsifiability, and error rate.

32
Q

__________________ is when the research presented in court has to be what most experts would agree on.

A

General acceptance

33
Q

___________________ is when the research presented in court has to be peer-reviewed.

A

Peer review

34
Q

The Mohan criteria includes ___________________________.

A

Qualification of the expert, necessity, relevance, and absence of any exclusionary rule.

35
Q

_________________________ means the information the expert is presenting goes against common knowledge.

A

Necessity

36
Q

_________________ means that the expert’s testimony makes a fact at issue more or less likely e.g. the evidence the witness presents has to go with evidence in the case.

A

Relevance

37
Q

______________________ means the expert witness has to follow the normal witness rules e.g. they can’t claim that another witness is lying.

A

Absence of any exclusionary rule

38
Q

____________________ means they decide what happens in their court room.

A

Judges as gate keepers

39
Q

Judges only accept _________% of high quality or low quality science.

A

17%

40
Q

Common law is also referred to as an _______________ approach to law.

A

Adversarial

41
Q

_______________ laws is when a judge made law (a judge makes a decision based on the evidence in a case and the existing laws we have).

A

Adversarial

42
Q

Civil law is also referred to as an _______________ approach to law.

A

Inquisitorial

43
Q

________________ exists to define rights and duties. (e.g. you have a duty not to steal stuff, pay taxes, etc.).

A

Substantive Law

44
Q

_____________________ exists to enforce the laws and duties in substantive law.

A

Procedural law

45
Q

_________________ is the defining of rights and duties between the state and citizens (e.g. you pay taxes and then the state has to provide you with police services).

A

Public law

46
Q

_______________ is defining the rights and duties between individual citizens (e.g. and landlord and a tenant).

A

Private law

47
Q

________________ is a legal procedure of you against the state (e.g. r. v. Lastname).

A

Criminal procedures

48
Q

__________________ is a legal procedure of you against someone else (e.g. Smith vs Jones).

A

Civil procedure

49
Q

________________ (hitting, slapping, shoving, etc) is most violated violent crimes in Canada.

A

Assault level 1

50
Q

___________________ is the second most violated violent crime in Canada.

A

Uttering threats

51
Q

Legislatures _________________ statutes (laws).

A

Create

52
Q

Judges ________________ statutes (laws).

A

Interpret

52
Q

Statutes are ____________.

A

Laws

53
Q

the Charter of Rights and Freedoms ___________ our rights as Canadians.

A

Define

54
Q

The ____________________ is responsible for arguing to the judge that the defendant is guilty.

A

Crown prosecutor

55
Q

__________ is the idea that you should only be prosecuted for a crime if it was committed at your own free will.

A

Mens rea

56
Q

_______________ is the actual physical act committed.

A

Actus Reus

57
Q

The first principle/advantage of ________________ is that the judge should consider decisions at a similar level of court when making a decision.

A

Stare decisis

58
Q

The second principle/advantage of _____________ is that the judge must follow decisions of higher courts.

A

Stare decisis

59
Q

The Supreme Court of Canada is ______________.

A

Federal

60
Q

The Court of Appeal (first), the Superior Court (second), and the Ontario Court of Justice (third) are ______________.

A

Provincial

61
Q

________________ is the idea that you shouldn’t be held criminally responsible for behaviours beyond your control (e.g. sleepwalking).

A

Automatism

62
Q

When ___________ courts make a decision, ___________ courts have to follow it.

A

Higher, lower

63
Q

________ is to make sure someone will show up on their court date.

A

Bail

64
Q

______________ have lenient penalties (not as serious crimes).

A

Summary convictions

65
Q

_________________ have more serious penalties (a serious crime).

A

Indictment

66
Q

The job of the ______________ is to find someone guilty or not guilty.

A

Judge

67
Q

The purpose of the ______________ is to collect information, criminal record,
and psychiatric assessment.

A

Sentencing

68
Q

___________________ is a field of psychology that deals with all aspects of human behaviour as it relates to the law or legal system.

A

Forensic psychology

69
Q

___________________________ refers to a process whereby people confused actual memories of events with the events described by the media.

A

Retroactive memory falsification

Psychology and Law (10 decks)

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