Interrogation and Confessions Flashcards
_______________ means to be proven innocent.
Exonerated
___________________ is the notion that the legal system is only fair if it ensures that innocent people aren’t punished (e.g. it is fairer for 10 guilty people to walk free than a single innocent person to be punished).
Blackstone maxim
What are the 4 concerns with polygraph use?
Conclusions are inferences, interpretation is subjective, deceitful practice, and countermeasures.
____________ is taking back something you said in the form of an alibi.
Recante
___________________ is when the crown prosecutor offers a reduced charge in return for a guilty plea from the defendant.
Plea bargain
__________________ means for free (no compensation)
Pro-bono
________________ is the main reason for wrongful convictions
Eyewitness error
The second reason for wrongful confessions is __________________
False confessions
There are 3 types of confessions. What are they?
Voluntary, coerced-compliant, and coerced-internalized.
“You have the right to remain silent” and “if you don’t have an attorney one will be appointed to you” are examples of what?
The Miranda rights
_________________ means to back up or support the confession
Corroborate
____________________ is when the person confesses to a crime for no logical reason (e.g. due to mental illness).
Voluntary confession
___________________ is when a suspect or defendant knows the coercion is untrue, but still confesses anyways (e.g. either way you are going to jail).
Coerced-complaint confession
___________________ are confessions where a suspect comes to believe their false confession (e.g. Amanda Knox).
Coerced -internalized confession
_______________ is a caution that is read to you (e.g. someone tells it to you and you listen).
Verbal caution
_________________ is a caution that is given to you on paper (e.g. you read it yourself).
Written caution
_________________ is the idea of “the crown prosecutor will lessen your sentence if you confess”.
Fear of prejudice
______________ is the idea of “If you confess I will get you treatment for your mental illness, if you confess I bet the judge will be lenient for your sentence”.
Hope of advantage
_______________ is that police cannot pretend to be your lawyer, a religious figure, tell a lie that will offend the community, etc.
Police trickery
_______________ is the idea that the suspect cant be drunk when interrogated, high, etc.
Operating mind
___________________ is that the suspect can’t be denied sleep, food, water, the washroom, etc.
Atmosphere of opression
A confession produced through physically coercive methods is deemed unreliable. True or false?
True
A confession produced through psychological coercive methods is deemed unreliable. True or false?
True
_________________ causes investigators to use more coercive interrogation methods, and suspects seem more defensive. (e.g. the interrogator is told you’re guilty when you’re not and it creates a tense and toxic conversation).
Guilt bias
__________________ is where the detective plays down the seriousness of the charge or offence (e.g. the person you killed is a known drug dealer so you did the community service).
Minimization
_________________ is where the investigator plays up the seriousness of the charge (e.g. looks to me like you’re a cold calculated killer and planned this all out).
Maximization
What are the 4 concerns with the Reid model?
Coercive, deceptive, boomerang effect, and lying can backfire.
___________________ is when a suspect is willing and ready to confess but gets scared to confess based on the aggressive interrogation methods.
Boomerang effect
What does PACE stand for?
Police and criminal evidence act
___________________ is that when it comes to ourselves and bad things happen, we tend to play up the role or external factors (e.g. I did badly on the exam because it was a hard class), but when it comes to others and bad things happen to them, we tend to play up the role of internal factors (e.g. my roommate did bad on her exam because she’s lazy).
Fundamental attribution error
It is better to use one tactic to get more true confessions instead of two. True or false?
True
