Psychology 7 Flashcards
list strategies of problem solving
PS trial and error, algorithm, heuristic, insight
means-end analysis, analogy
trial and error
PS several solutions tried until one works not the most efficient
algorithm
PS systematic, step by step, guaranteed to produce solution. following a recipe to bake a cake
heuristic
PS rule of thumb that can help make a quick judgement “all even numbers are divisible by two”
means-end analysis
PS break down problem into sub goals
analogy
PS “mind is like a computer” old solution as a model for a new similar problem
insight
PS light bulb moment when solution pops into mid suddenly
incubation effect
PS forming solution after taking a mental break
what are blind spots of problem solving
mental set, functional fixedness, confirmation bias, representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, anchoring effect
mental set
using a strategy that has worked in the past
functional fixedness
thinking of objects as only the usual function
confirmation bias
looking for evidence that supports beliefs cant see error
representativeness heuristic
tendency to establish likelihood of an event in terms of how typical it seems
availability heuristic
establish likelihood of event in terms of how easily instances can be recalled
anchoring effect
use initial value as “anchor” or reference point for an numerical estimate
language
communication consisting of sounds words meanings and rules for communication
semanticity
communication of meaning
phonemes
basic distinct sounds
morphemes
smallest units that carry meaning (prefixes, root words, suffixes)
phrases
group of words that act as a unit to convey meaning
sentence
organized sequence of words that expresses a thought, statement of fact, proposition, intention, request or question
generativity
limited number of words needed to produce a variety of expressions. phrase can be added to change meaning
syntax
rules of grammar sentences makes sense
displacement
capacity to talk about things that arent here and now (gossip)
