Psychology 7

Question 1

list strategies of problem solving

Answer 1

PS trial and error, algorithm, heuristic, insight
means-end analysis, analogy

Question 2

trial and error

Answer 2

PS several solutions tried until one works not the most efficient

Question 3

algorithm

Answer 3

PS systematic, step by step, guaranteed to produce solution. following a recipe to bake a cake

Question 4

heuristic

Answer 4

PS rule of thumb that can help make a quick judgement “all even numbers are divisible by two”

Question 5

means-end analysis

Answer 5

PS break down problem into sub goals

Question 6

analogy

Answer 6

PS “mind is like a computer” old solution as a model for a new similar problem

Question 7

insight

Answer 7

PS light bulb moment when solution pops into mid suddenly

Question 8

incubation effect

Answer 8

PS forming solution after taking a mental break

Question 9

what are blind spots of problem solving

Answer 9

mental set, functional fixedness, confirmation bias, representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic, anchoring effect

Question 10

mental set

Answer 10

using a strategy that has worked in the past

Question 11

functional fixedness

Answer 11

thinking of objects as only the usual function

Question 12

confirmation bias

Answer 12

looking for evidence that supports beliefs cant see error

Question 13

representativeness heuristic

Answer 13

tendency to establish likelihood of an event in terms of how typical it seems

Question 14

availability heuristic

Answer 14

establish likelihood of event in terms of how easily instances can be recalled

Question 15

anchoring effect

Answer 15

use initial value as “anchor” or reference point for an numerical estimate

Question 16

language

Answer 16

communication consisting of sounds words meanings and rules for communication

Question 17

semanticity

Answer 17

communication of meaning

Question 18

phonemes

Answer 18

basic distinct sounds

Question 19

morphemes

Answer 19

smallest units that carry meaning (prefixes, root words, suffixes)

Question 20

phrases

Answer 20

group of words that act as a unit to convey meaning

Question 21

sentence

Answer 21

organized sequence of words that expresses a thought, statement of fact, proposition, intention, request or question

Question 22

generativity

Answer 22

limited number of words needed to produce a variety of expressions. phrase can be added to change meaning

Question 23

syntax

Answer 23

rules of grammar sentences makes sense

Question 24

displacement

Answer 24

capacity to talk about things that arent here and now (gossip)

Question 25

developmental sequence of language

Answer 25

cooing then babbling at 4 months, real words at 1 year old, telegraphic speech (short form of speech eliminates unnecessary words) at 2-3 years old, small dictionary of words at 3-5 years old

Question 26

babbling

Answer 26

spontaneous vocalizations of basic sounds starts at 4 months

Question 26

telegraphic speech

Answer 26

child leaves out unnecessary words. all animals are “doggies” “more milk”

Question 27

B.F Skinner’s theory

Answer 27

he believed that the ability to learn language is based on environment. babies associate objects with words. imitate adults for a response.

Question 28

Noam Chomsky’s theory

Answer 28

biological theory that all children from birth are wired for the acquisition of language. learning language exceeds all other learning

Question 29

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 29

language determines the way we think. evidence: double speak- language designed to mislead and euphemisms- how we talk about touchy subjects.

Question 30

intelligence

Answer 30

capacity to learn for experience and adapt successfully to one’s environment

Question 31

fluid intelligence

Answer 31

ability to reason logically or strategically declines through middle school and late adulthood

Question 32

crystallized intelligence

Answer 32

reflects accumulation of verbal skills and factual knowledge

Question 33

7 types of intelligence proposed by Gardner

Answer 33

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence