Psychology 6 Flashcards
what is memory compared to
a computer
sensory memory
memory storage system that records info from senses for about 3 seconds. what we pay attention to goes to STM
short term memory
memory storage sys that holds about seven items for about 20 seconds before forgotten or sent to LTM. fades quick repetition or rehearsal helps
iconic memory
fleeting sensory memory for visual images that lasts only a fraction of a second metal trace lingers after visual stimulus is removed. Ex: car passing on highway
echoic memory
sensory memory for auditory input that lasts only 2 to 3 seconds Ex: remembering sound of honking horn even after its over
visual encoding
recall image
acoustic encoding
recall sound
semantic encoding
recall meaning
George Miller
magic #7 the average person can remember 7 items on a list plus two or minus two.
chunking
grouping bits of info into larger chunks to increase STM capacity
maintenance rehearsal
use of sheer repetition to keep info in STM silently or aloud
Hermann Ebbinghaus
1st demonstrated benefits of maintenance rehearsal. took a list of nonsense syllables and studied it found that he could memorize 7 syllables. found better retention in overlearning
Serial position effect
1st and last are more memorable
free recall test
memory test without cues to help retrieve memories
primacy
recall of early items in list receive more attention
