Psychology Flashcards
Pyschology definition
The study of behaviors, cognitions, and motivations
Medical Psychology
Includes the study of biological, psychological, and social mechanisms related to physical and mental health
Emphasizes biological mechanisms
Health Psychology
Studies how general wellness can be influenced by behaviors and attitudes
Behavioral medicine
Application of psychological techniques to practice of medicine
Interdisciplinary
Psychiatry
Study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental health disorders
Why should medical students study psychology?
Behaviors contribute heavily to health
Attitudes effect doctor patient communication
Motivations effect behaviors and attitudes relavent to resiliency
What are critical domains for teaching medical students
Mind/body interactions Patient behavior Physician behavior Physician patient interactions Social and cultural issues
Social psychology
Study of more than on person
Includes reactions interactions and influence
Psychology of learning
Study of processes that increase or decrease liklihood of engaging in a behavior
Associationism
mid 19th century Germany
Wundt and Werthermer
Stimuli become associated with each other through contiguity space or time
(Marlboro Country)
Functionalism
late 19th century US
William James
Psychology considered in adaptation to environment (Darwinian)
Function of disorder should be considered in treating disorder
Classical Conditioning
late 19th early 20th Pavlov US with Neutral Stimulus Neutral Stimulus comes first (Chemo foods)
Operant Conditioning
early 20th century Thorndike, Watson, Skinner US with Neutral Stimulus US comes first Positive v negative reinforcement
Social Facilitation
late 19th century
Triplett and Zajonc
When evaluated dominant behaviors are exaggerated and subordinate behaviors suppressed
(Good under pressure)
Group Dynamics
early 20th Sherif, Lewin, Milgram Behavior is function of person and their environment (field theory) Individuals change to align with group (Maintain individual thought)
Informal Social Communication
Mid 20th
Festinger Schacter and Back
People are influenced by people they interact with frequently
(Physical layout of walter reed incorporates whole care team)
Social Comparison
Mid 20th
Festinger
In absence of physical standards people compare themselves to others to see how they are doing
(Transition from top dog to average)
Affiliation
Mid 20th
Schacter
Innate need to feel like part of a group when uncomfortable
Deindividuation/Individuation
Mid 20th
Festinger
In a group people need to be distinct, when outside a group people need to be part of the group
(Want to go back to my unit)
Social Learning Theory
Mid to late 20th
Miller and Dollard
Other peoples behaviors toward our actions effect whether we will do them again
(Med students follow behaviors demonstrated by valued superiors)
Cognitive Dissonance
Mid to late 20th
Festinger
People strive for cognitive consistency
(Soldiers aren’t weak, i’m a soldier, so i’m not weak)
Social Loafing
mid 20th
Darley and Latane
Individual responsibility is minimized when people act as a group
(yell fire instead of rape)
Attribution and misattribution
Mid 20th
Jones Keith and Davis
People give themselves credit for successes and blame others for failures
(Patients who are obese are lazy)
Attitude formation and change
Mid 20th Century
Hovland and Janis
Several things affect how well a message is received
Behavioral Economics
Late 20th
Kahneman, Tversky, Bickel
Likelihood of a behavior decreases as cost of behavior increases
Major components of cognition
consciousness perception attention memory learning decision making self-awareness
Consciousness and perception
Dualism (matter includes mind and body)
Psychophysics (psychological response to physical stimuli)
Study of the mind (Hypnosis/modern mental health)
Attention
William James
“Goal of psychology to perceive, conceive, remember, shorten reaction time”
Memory
Explicit -Late 19th (Ebbinghaus)
Implicit - Late 19th (Influence of hidden memories on future behaviors)
Learning
Operant and classical conditioning, observational and social learning
Decision making
Cognitive development stages and Neurobiology
Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor <2years
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (11-16)
Motivation
Tripartite theory became judeo-christian which became far eastern which became machiavellian
Instinct
Darwinian survival lead to funcitonalism lead to imprinting by social factors
Drive theories
Triplett (Dynamogenic forces)
Freud (Conscious and unconscious motivations)
Cannon (Fight or Flight)
Hull
Dollar and Miller (drive reduction and homeostasis)
Reinforcement Theories
Thorndike (Law of Effect)
Skinner (Reward and Punishment)
Olds and Milner (Neurobiology of reward system)
Field Theory
Lewin (Learned vs Innate needs)
Asch, Newcomb (Motivation of group members)
Incentive theory
Cofer
Need based theories
Lewin (Needs and quasineeds) Maslow (Hierarchy of needs) McClelland (Need for Achievement) Festinger (Social comparasin) Schacter (affiliation, social comparasin) Deci and Ryan (Autonomy0
Who experiences Stress
Everyone
