Psychological therapies for schizophrenia

Question 1

Token economies

AO1

Answer 1

A behaviourist approach to management of sz, where tokens are given for demonstrations of desired behavioural change.

• aimed at changing negative symptoms such as low motivation, poor attention and social withdrawal.
• Tokens can be later exchanged for goods or privileges e.g sweets, cigarettes, or a walk outside the hospital.

Need to reward paitent immediatley.

Question 2

Primary reinforcer

Answer 2

Anything that give pleasure (e.g food or comfort) or remove unplease states (e.g that alleviate boredom).
- They do not depend on learning in order to acquire their reinforcing value

Question 3

Secondary reinforcers

Answer 3

Initally have no value to the individual, but acquire their reinforcing properties as a result of being paired with primary reinforers.

Question 4

AO3 - Evaluation of token econom

Question 5

Dickerson et al. 2005

Answer 5

P - There is evidence to show token economies work wbest in unision with antipyschotic drugs and other personalised psychotheraputic treatmeants.

E - Dickerson et al. 2005 found that they should not be seen as a ‘treament’ for schizophrenia in itself as they do not address symptoms, but perhaps as a technique to increase adaptive behaviours.

E - This suggests that token e

Question 6

Ethical issues

Answer 6

P: