Psychological Science Flashcards
“I knew it all along”/”I told you so”
Hindsight Bias
You will tend to go to sources that you believe to be “right” because you already have a previous opinion and avoid the opposite opinion.
Confirmation Bias
Unwilling to be flexible/Believing something because your “always right”
Overconfidence
“Randomness Error”/Trying to find order and logic in a random event, creating false conclusions
Perception of Order in Random Events
Cause
independent variable
Effect/outcome
dependent variable
Other factors
confounding variable
Experimental Method
You are going to be capable of seeing things very clear cut; more of a definitive answer/Looking at cause and effect
Correlation Method
Going to be a lot more difficult to distinguish the type of variable/Relationship, simply seeking to see if there is a relationship between one variable and another variable/Could create a scatter plot to see if the two variables have a trend or pattern to prove if there is a correlation/relationship or not
Illusory Correlation
Perception of a relationship where none exists
Case Study
Naturalistic Observation/Subjects don’t know they are being observed
Surveys
Wording?
Who is it being sent to?
Interviews vs. Surveys
You can ask more specific questions; quality over quantity
Cross-Sections
One point at a time
Different samples
(All at same time, though; a sample for every stage of the study)
Snapshots of a given point in time, change at a societal level)
Longitudinal
Several points in time
(Extended amount of time; remember LONG in Longitudinal)
Same sample
Change at the individual level
Drawback is that it takes a long time.
