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Psychology > Memory Test #1 > Flashcards

Memory Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is memory?

A

Ability to retain info. over time.

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2
Q

Is memory subject to personal perception?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

Encoding Definition

A

Making mental representations of info.

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4
Q

Storing Definition

A

Placing encoded info. into memory for later recall

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5
Q

Retrieving Definition

A

Recalling info. that has been stored

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6
Q

Sensory Memory Definition

A

Receives and holds environmental information for a brief amount of time

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7
Q

Short-Term Memory is also called…?

A

Working Memory

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8
Q

Short-Term Memory Definition

A

Holds a limited amount of info. for a short period of time

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9
Q

How long does short-term memory usually last?

A

7 +/- 2 seconds

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10
Q

Long-Term Memory Definition

A

Stores almost unlimited amounts of info. for long periods of time

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11
Q

Sensory Memory Definition

A

Holds all sensory stimuli we encounter for a fraction of a second

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12
Q

What memory holds sense of sight?

A

Iconic Memory

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13
Q

What memory holds sense of hearing (audition)?

A

Echoic Memory

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14
Q

What memory holds sense of touch?

A

Haptic Memory

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15
Q

Which memory holds sense of taste?

A

Gustic Memory

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16
Q

What memory holds sense of smell?

A

Olfastic Memory

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17
Q

Three functions of sensory memory?

A
  1. Prevents being overwhelmed
  2. Decision time
  3. Provide stability, playback, and recognition
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18
Q

Selective Attention Definition

A

Act of focusing on a certain object for a period of time, while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant info. that is also occurring

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19
Q

When you’re name is called in another conversation, while your simultaneously having one yourself…

A

Cocktail Party Phenomenon

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20
Q

Chunking helps which type of memory?

A

Short-Term Memory

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21
Q

When you remember the first or last items better than the middle on a list…

A

Primacy-Regency Effect

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22
Q

When you remember something unique more than something regular…

A

Von Restorff Effect

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23
Q

What are the two types of Long-Term Memory?

A
  1. Explicit/Declarative Memory
  2. Implicit/Procedural/Nondeclarative Memory
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24
Q

What is another name for Explicit Memory?

A

Declarative Memory

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25
Q

Explicit Memory Definition

A

Memories for facts or events

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26
Q

Is Explicit Memory conscious or unconscious?

A

Conscious

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27
Q

What are the two subcategories for Explicit Memory?

A
  1. Episodic Memory
  2. Semantic Memory
28
Q

Episodic Memory Definition

A

Knowledge of events, personal experiences, activities, etc.

29
Q

Semantic Memory Definition

A

Knowledge of facts, concepts, definitions, etc.

30
Q

Implicit Memory Definition

A

Memories for motor skills, cognitive skills, and some emotional behaviors

31
Q

Is Implicit Memory conscious or unconscious?

A

Unconscious

32
Q

Does Episodic Memory require effort to remember?

A

No, it’s personal.

33
Q

Does Semantic Memory require effort to remember?

A

Yes.

34
Q

What half of the brain controls the verbal aspects of life?

A

Left

35
Q

What half of the brain controls the visual aspects of life?

A

Right

36
Q

Frontal Lobe Job

A

Will determine where the info. will be stored

37
Q

Amygdala Job

A

Responsible for triggering certain emotion responses to events that we experience
The “emotional sensor”

38
Q

Hippocampus Job

A

Determines if info. is going to be stored or not
The “Save Button”

39
Q

Parts of the brain used for Explicit Memory…

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Amygdala
  4. Hippocampus
40
Q

Parts of the brain used for Implicit Memory…

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Basal Ganglia
41
Q

What part of the brain affects motor skills and movement?

A

Basal Ganglia

42
Q

Flash-Bulb Memory Definition

A

Vivid, precise, concrete, long-lasting memories of a personal circumstance surrounding a person’s discovery of shocking events (doesn’t need to be negative events).

43
Q

Photographic Memory

A

An adult’s ability to remember everything they see

44
Q

Eidetic Memory

A

A child’s ability to remember everything they see

45
Q

State-Dependent Memory (Mood Congruent) Definition

A

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood

46
Q

Context-Dependent Memory

A

Retrieval is more likely if a person is in the same place or situation where or when info. was encoded

47
Q

Priming Definition

A

Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval from an earlier experience

48
Q

Does Recall require help?

A

No, you are doing it on your own, without influence.

49
Q

Does Recognition require help?

A

Yes. If you see something you recognize, it’s much easier to remember things about it.

50
Q

In what way or nodes organizaed?

A

In a hierarchy types position; list

51
Q

Network Theory Definition

A

Storing related info. in separate files called nodes; create links between nodes with related info.

52
Q

Nodes Definition

A

Memory files that contain related info. organized around a specific topic

53
Q

Network Hierarchy Definition

A

Nodes are arrange in an “outline” format

54
Q

Neural Assembly Definition

A

Interconnected neurons which are activated to hold info. briefly

55
Q

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Definition

A

After repeated stimulation the structure of the neurons change

56
Q

Decay Theory Definition

A

Without repetition/rehearsal, material is quickly forgotten

57
Q

What are the two types of interference?

A
  1. Retroactive Interference
  2. Proactive Interference
58
Q

Retroactive Interference Definition

A

You remember better what you learned recently than what you did a long time ago

59
Q

Proactive Interference

A

New info. is blocked out by your recall of old info.

60
Q

What are the two encoding types?

A
  1. Automatic Encoding
  2. Effortful Encoding
61
Q

Automatic Encoding happens with or without effort?

A

Without

62
Q

Effortful Encoding happens with or without effort?

A

With

63
Q

Repression Definitions

A

When we choose to forget a memory

64
Q

Synesthesia Definition

A

Connect sensory experiences like connected color and hearing, seeing sounds, taste with colors, etc.

65
Q

What are some biological factors of memory?

A

Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amnesia
Anterograde or Retrograde
Hyperthymestic Syndrome
Synesthesia

66
Q

Hyperthymestic Syndrome Definition

A

Enhanced memory; you can remember every sight, sounds, taste, action, etc. about everything

Psychology (6 decks)

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