Memory Test #1 Flashcards
What is memory?
Ability to retain info. over time.
Is memory subject to personal perception?
Yes.
Encoding Definition
Making mental representations of info.
Storing Definition
Placing encoded info. into memory for later recall
Retrieving Definition
Recalling info. that has been stored
Sensory Memory Definition
Receives and holds environmental information for a brief amount of time
Short-Term Memory is also called…?
Working Memory
Short-Term Memory Definition
Holds a limited amount of info. for a short period of time
How long does short-term memory usually last?
7 +/- 2 seconds
Long-Term Memory Definition
Stores almost unlimited amounts of info. for long periods of time
Sensory Memory Definition
Holds all sensory stimuli we encounter for a fraction of a second
What memory holds sense of sight?
Iconic Memory
What memory holds sense of hearing (audition)?
Echoic Memory
What memory holds sense of touch?
Haptic Memory
Which memory holds sense of taste?
Gustic Memory
What memory holds sense of smell?
Olfastic Memory
Three functions of sensory memory?
- Prevents being overwhelmed
- Decision time
- Provide stability, playback, and recognition
Selective Attention Definition
Act of focusing on a certain object for a period of time, while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant info. that is also occurring
When you’re name is called in another conversation, while your simultaneously having one yourself…
Cocktail Party Phenomenon
Chunking helps which type of memory?
Short-Term Memory
When you remember the first or last items better than the middle on a list…
Primacy-Regency Effect
When you remember something unique more than something regular…
Von Restorff Effect
What are the two types of Long-Term Memory?
- Explicit/Declarative Memory
- Implicit/Procedural/Nondeclarative Memory
What is another name for Explicit Memory?
Declarative Memory
Explicit Memory Definition
Memories for facts or events
Is Explicit Memory conscious or unconscious?
Conscious
What are the two subcategories for Explicit Memory?
- Episodic Memory
- Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory Definition
Knowledge of events, personal experiences, activities, etc.
Semantic Memory Definition
Knowledge of facts, concepts, definitions, etc.
Implicit Memory Definition
Memories for motor skills, cognitive skills, and some emotional behaviors
Is Implicit Memory conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious
Does Episodic Memory require effort to remember?
No, it’s personal.
Does Semantic Memory require effort to remember?
Yes.
What half of the brain controls the verbal aspects of life?
Left
What half of the brain controls the visual aspects of life?
Right
Frontal Lobe Job
Will determine where the info. will be stored
Amygdala Job
Responsible for triggering certain emotion responses to events that we experience
The “emotional sensor”
Hippocampus Job
Determines if info. is going to be stored or not
The “Save Button”
Parts of the brain used for Explicit Memory…
- Frontal Lobe
- Cerebellum
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
Parts of the brain used for Implicit Memory…
- Cerebellum
- Basal Ganglia
What part of the brain affects motor skills and movement?
Basal Ganglia
Flash-Bulb Memory Definition
Vivid, precise, concrete, long-lasting memories of a personal circumstance surrounding a person’s discovery of shocking events (doesn’t need to be negative events).
Photographic Memory
An adult’s ability to remember everything they see
Eidetic Memory
A child’s ability to remember everything they see
State-Dependent Memory (Mood Congruent) Definition
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood
Context-Dependent Memory
Retrieval is more likely if a person is in the same place or situation where or when info. was encoded
Priming Definition
Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval from an earlier experience
Does Recall require help?
No, you are doing it on your own, without influence.
Does Recognition require help?
Yes. If you see something you recognize, it’s much easier to remember things about it.
In what way or nodes organizaed?
In a hierarchy types position; list
Network Theory Definition
Storing related info. in separate files called nodes; create links between nodes with related info.
Nodes Definition
Memory files that contain related info. organized around a specific topic
Network Hierarchy Definition
Nodes are arrange in an “outline” format
Neural Assembly Definition
Interconnected neurons which are activated to hold info. briefly
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) Definition
After repeated stimulation the structure of the neurons change
Decay Theory Definition
Without repetition/rehearsal, material is quickly forgotten
What are the two types of interference?
- Retroactive Interference
- Proactive Interference
Retroactive Interference Definition
You remember better what you learned recently than what you did a long time ago
Proactive Interference
New info. is blocked out by your recall of old info.
What are the two encoding types?
- Automatic Encoding
- Effortful Encoding
Automatic Encoding happens with or without effort?
Without
Effortful Encoding happens with or without effort?
With
Repression Definitions
When we choose to forget a memory
Synesthesia Definition
Connect sensory experiences like connected color and hearing, seeing sounds, taste with colors, etc.
What are some biological factors of memory?
Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amnesia
Anterograde or Retrograde
Hyperthymestic Syndrome
Synesthesia
Hyperthymestic Syndrome Definition
Enhanced memory; you can remember every sight, sounds, taste, action, etc. about everything
