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Psychology > Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons are also known as…

A

“Messengers”

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2
Q

Approximately how many Neurons are there?

A

100 Billion

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3
Q

Dendrites, a part of neurons, do what?

A

Receive messages from other cells.

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4
Q

Which part of a neuron receives messages from other cells?

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

What do an axon do?

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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6
Q

What part of the neuron Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands?

A

Axon

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7
Q

What is action potential?

A

Electrical signal traveling down the axon.

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8
Q

What is electrical signal traveling down the axon?

A

Action potential

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9
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
“Sausage skin”

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10
Q

What covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses?

A

Myelin sheath

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11
Q

What is the soma?

A

The cell body

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12
Q

What’s another name for the cell body?

A

The soma

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13
Q

What do terminal buttons do?

A

They form junctions with other cells

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14
Q

What part of a neuron forms junctions with other cells?

A

Terminal buttons

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15
Q

How fast do signal travel from neuron to neuron?

A

anywhere from 2mph to 180mph

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16
Q

Action Potential is…

A

Electrical charge created by an exchange of Ions

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17
Q

An electrical charge created by an exchange of ions is…

A

Action potential

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18
Q

Is Sodium is positive or negative?

A

Positive

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19
Q

Is potassium positive or negative?

A

Negative

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20
Q

Terminal buttons can be remembered using which analogy?

A

The toilet flushing analogy. Pressure must be applied to the handle in order to flush it. Terminal buttons apply that pressure and release signals.

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21
Q

Neurotransmitters decide what?

A

Whether to “stop it” (a signal) or “push it along”

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22
Q

What decides to “stop” or “send along” a signal?

A

Neurotransmitters

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23
Q

Synapse is…

A

The space between neurons.

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24
Q

What the space between neurons called?

A

Synpase

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25
Q

What was the Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter?

A

The first neurotransmitter discovered

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26
Q

What was the first neurotransmitter discovered?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter

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27
Q

What does the Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter do?

A

Controls muscles (Involuntary muscle contractions, but also controls learning, memory, and sleep)

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28
Q

What happens if Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter works to hard?

A

Depression

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29
Q

What happens if Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter doesn’t work enough?

A

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Paralysis

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30
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

Make us feel good (reward neurotransmitter)

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31
Q

What does Dopamine involve?

A

Movement, learning, ATTENTION, and emotion

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32
Q

What happens if you have too much Dopamine?

A

Anxiety, Schizophrenia

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33
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough Dopamine?

A

Parkinson’s, Addiction

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34
Q

What does Serotonin affect?

A

Mood, HUNGER, sleep, and arousal

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35
Q

What happens if you have too much serotonin?

A

Sexual arousal

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36
Q

What happens if you have too little serotonin?

A

Depression, aggression

37
Q

What is involved when it comes to Norepinephrine & Epinephrine (Adrenaline)?

A

Energy and glucose metabolism; alertness and arousal

38
Q

What is GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid?

A

Helps regular anxiety - inhibitory
Slows down neurotransmitters

39
Q

What do Glutamates (opposites of GABA) do?

A

Excitatory - helps learning and memory (LTP)
Speeds up neurotransmitters

40
Q

What slows down neurotransmitters?

A

GABA

41
Q

What speeds up neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamates

42
Q

What do Endorphins do?

A

Counteract stress and pain (natural painkiller)

43
Q

Where do Antagonist and Agonist neurotransmitters sit?

A

In the synpase

44
Q

What do Antagonists do?

A

“Block”
Block a receptor site inhabiting the effect of the neurotransmitter or agonist

45
Q

What do Agonists do?

A

“Bind”
Agonists may mimic a neurotransmitter and bind to its receptors sit to produce the effect of the neurotransmitter

46
Q

“Block”

A

Antagonists

47
Q

“Bind”

A

Agonists

48
Q

Nervous System Category: Central controls the…

A

brain and spinal chord

49
Q

What part of the Nervous System controls the brain and spinal cord?

A

Central

50
Q

Peripheral is split into two categories…

A

Somatic and Autonomic

51
Q

What does somatic do?

A

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

52
Q

What controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic

53
Q

What does Autonomic do?

A

controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

54
Q

What controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands?

A

Autonomic

55
Q

Autonomic can be split into two parts…

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

56
Q

Sympathetic relates to…

A

arousing, flight or fight

57
Q

Parasympathetic relates to…

A

calming, rest;digest

58
Q

What example can you use for sympathetic vs. parasympathetic?

A

The parachute analogy. If your parachute works, you are relaxed. If it doesn’t, you are energized.

59
Q

What is the Endocrine System?

A

“Secondary Communication System”
A “slower” system, but effect and durable (lasts a while)

60
Q

What is a “slower” system, but is effective and durable and is also known as the Secondary Communication System?

A

The Endocrine System

61
Q

The nervous system relates to neurotransmitters, whereas the endocrine system relates to…

A

Hormones (made by glands of the body)

62
Q

Hormones are related to which system?

A

The Endocrine System

63
Q

Melatonin reales to…

A

Sleep and 24 hour internal clock

64
Q

The Hypothalamus is…

A

a key link between the nervous system and endocrine system

65
Q

What is a key link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

The Hypothalamus

66
Q

What do the Hypothalamus do?

A

Directs the Pituitary Gland, which is the most important gland

67
Q

What tells the Pituitary gland what to do?

A

The Hypothalamus

68
Q

What is the Pituitary Gland?

A

The “Master Gland”
Controls all glands

69
Q

What part of the endocrine system controls all glands?

A

The Pituitary Gland

70
Q

What does the Thyroid gland affect?

A

Metabolism

71
Q

What does the Parathyroid gland do?

A

Helps the thyroid gland function

72
Q

What does the Adrenal Gland do?

A

Controls Adreneline

73
Q

What gland controls Adreneline?

A

The Adrenal Gland

74
Q

What does the Pancreas do?

A

Controls Insulin (keeps glucose levels in check)

75
Q

What part of the endocrine system controls Insulin?

A

The Pancreas

76
Q

What part of the Endocrine system is associated with diabetes?

A

The Pancreas

77
Q

Estrogen deals with…

A

Ovaries (females)

78
Q

Testes deal with…

A

Testosterone (males)

79
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

It was once considered an actual science saying that we could decipher aspects of people’e behavior, personality, etc. by reading the bumps on people’s head.
It no longer exists, because it is false.

80
Q

What “science” read the bumps on people heads?

A

Phrenology

81
Q

What are Lesions?

A

Tissue damage

82
Q

Tissue damage is…

A

Lesions

83
Q

What does an EEG or Electroencephalograph do?

A

Can tell which stage of sleep we are in

84
Q

What machines can tell which sleep stage we are in?

A

An EEG

85
Q

What does a CT Scan or Computed Tomography do?

A

An x-ray of the brain

86
Q

What is an x-ray of the brain?

A

A CT Scan

87
Q

What does a PET Scan or Positron Emission Tomography do?

A

Puts a radioactive substance in your bloodstream through an IV and has a machine read which parts of your brain are most active using it

88
Q

What type of scan uses radiation to see the inner workings of your brain?

A

A PET Scan

89
Q

What is an MIRO or a Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

A

Uses magnetic fields that alter ions and such, which they use to take an image, which presents which areas of the brain are more active

Psychology (6 decks)

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