Psychological Explanations: Psychdynamic Explanations

Question 1

Freud’s psychodynamic theory is an example of the

Answer 1

Psychodynamic approach

Question 2

Freud proposed that the

Answer 2

Superego is guided by the morality principle and leads to feelings of guilt for wrongdoing and feelings of pride for moral behaviour

Question 3

Blackburn Date

Answer 3

1993

Question 4

Blackburn argued that if the ego is somehow inadequate then the id is given

Answer 4

Free rein and it is not properly controlled

Question 5

The id is governed by

Answer 5

The pleasure principle

Question 6

An uncontrolled id means

Answer 6

Criminal behaviour is inevitable

Question 7

There are three types of ‘inadequate’ superego

Answer 7

Weak
Deviant
Over harsh

Question 8

Weak superego - During the phallic stage

Answer 8

The superego is formed in response to the Oedipus complex

Question 9

Weak superego - If the same sex parent is absent during the phallic stage

Answer 9

The child cannot internalise a fully-formed superego as there is no opportunity for identification

Question 10

Deviant superego - the child internalises the

Answer 10

Same-sex parents moral attitudes to form their superego

Question 11

Deviant superego - if these internalised moral attitudes are deviant

Answer 11

These would lead to a deviant superego and to offending behaviour later in life

Question 12

Over-harsh superego - an excessively punitive or overly harsh superego means

Answer 12

The individual is crippled by guilt and anxiety

Question 13

The superego has

Answer 13

Strict rules and it’s unforgiving

Question 14

Over-harsh superego - this may unconsciously drive the individual to

Answer 14

Perform criminal acts in order to satisfy the superegos overwhelming need for punishment

Question 15

Bowlby Date

Answer 15

1944

Question 16

Bowlby argued that a warm, continuous relationship with a mother-figure was

Answer 16

Crucial to future relationships, well being and development

Question 17

A loss of attachment during infancy could lead to

Answer 17

Affectionless psychopathy and an increased likelihood of delinquency

Question 18

Bowlby study of 44 juvenile thieves date

Answer 18

1944

Question 19

How many thieves did Bowlby class as psychopaths?

Answer 19

14

Question 20

How many of the 14 psychopaths had experienced prolonged separation from their mothers during infancy?

Answer 20

12

Question 21

Psychodynamic theory assumes

Answer 21

Girls develop weaker superegos than boys

Question 22

Why do girls develop weaker superegos compared to boys?

Answer 22

Girls do not experience the castration anxiety associated with the Oedipus complex so have less need to identify with their mothers

Question 23

Because women don’t experience castration anxiety

Answer 23

In theory women should be more prone to criminal behaviour

Question 24

are women more likely to be criminals compared to men?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

how many men are in prison in england?

Answer 25

79,361

Question 26

how many women are in prison in england?

Answer 26

3,893

Question 27

there is little evidence that children raised withouta same-sex parent were less

Answer 27

law-abiding as adults

Question 28

if children raised by deviant parents go on to commit crimes themsevles

Answer 28

this could be due to the influence of genetics or socialisation rather than a deviant superego

Question 29

it is implausable that criminality reflects an unconscious desire for

Answer 29

punishment - offenders go to great lengths to conceal their actions to avoid punishment

Question 30

the many unconscious concepts within Freudian theory mean that

Answer 30

applications to crime are not open to empirical testing

Question 31

without empirical evidence

Answer 31

we can only judge concepts like the superego on face value