Psychological Disorders (Chapter 15) Flashcards
Mental Disorder
Disturbance in thinking, emotion, or behavior that causes a person to suffer, is self-destructive, impairs a person’s ability to work or get along with others
Psychological Disorders
Disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Mental Illness
Serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities
Psychopathology
The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders
Medical Model
Like physical illnesses, psychological disorders have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms
Diathesis-Stress Model
Emphasizes how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce specific mental disorders
Biopsychosocial Model
Considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their interactions to understand health, illness, and health care delivery
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Shows up in childhood. Impact an individual’s language, emotions, behavior, self-control, learning and memory
Neurodevelopmental Disorders include…
intellectual disability
autism spectrum disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
specific learning disorder
Autism
Behavioral diagnosis with pervasive social communication and social interaction challenges and presence of restricted repetitive behavior, interests, or activities
ADHD
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity; interferes with functioning or development
Anxiety disorders include…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety disorders
Class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and fear in the absence of true danger.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Chronic excessive worry; lowered self-confidence so that simple decisions seem fraught with dire consequences
Panic disorder
Psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror (heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, tingling in hands and feet, and dizziness)
Specific phobia
Exaggerated, unrealistic fear or an avoidance of a specific situation, activity, or object.
Social anxiety
Excessively fear embarrassment or humiliation; of being negatively evaluated by others
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Disorder characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts [obsessions] and ritualistic behaviors [compulsions]
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma
Major Depressive Disorder
Characterized by severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure (persistent symptoms after two weeks
Persistent Depressive Disorder
A chronic, low-grade, depressed or irritable mood
Bipolar disorder
Changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. Intense emotional states over periods of days to weeks called mood episodes
Manic episode
Last a week and include diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, impulsivity racing thoughts, extreme distractibility
Dissociative Disorders
Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) (formerly multiple personality disorder)
Person exhibits two or more distinct alters – different identities; person’s identity corresponds most with their emotional state
Dissociative Fugue
An individual unexpectedly takes physical leave of his or her surroundings and sets off on a journey of some kind.
Somatic symptom disorder
Preoccupation and/or anxiety/worry related to having one or more physical symptoms, with or without a concurrent medical condition (symptoms are present)
Illness anxiety disorder
Preoccupation with having a serious illness with mild to no physical symptoms or excessive concern in the presence of an illness
Functional Neurological disorder / Conversion Disorder
Unexplained and potentially incompatible physical symptoms that mimic a medical condition unexplained by an actual medical condition
Psychological Disorder
Disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulations, or behavior
Schizophrenia
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, cognitive impairment
Antisocial personality disorder
Pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as law breaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts
Borderline personality disorder
Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion, as well as marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
