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Psychology > Neuroscience and Behavior > Flashcards

Neuroscience and Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Dendrite

A

Receive information from other neurons and relay it to the cell body

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2
Q

Axon

A

Carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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3
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating layer of fatty material around axon

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4
Q

Conduction

A

Movement of electrical signal within neuron (from dendrites to cell body then through axon)

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5
Q

Transmission

A

Movement of signal from one neuron to another

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6
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Enables muscle action, learning, memory (AChon)

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7
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

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8
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects mood, hunger, arousal

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9
Q

Norephephrine

A

Helps control alertness and arousal

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10
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

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11
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter

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12
Q

Neuron

A

Functional units of the nervous system that send and receive signals

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13
Q

Glia

A

Support cells found in nervous system (glue) Maintain homeostasis and support, nourish, and protect neurons

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14
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Receive information from external world, bring info to brain thru spinal cord

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15
Q

Motor neuron

A

carry signals from the spinal cord to muscles to produce movement

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16
Q

Interneuron

A

connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons

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17
Q

Resting potential

A

The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell’s membrane (-70mv)

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18
Q

Active potential

A

Electric signal that is conducted along th length of a neuron’s axon to a synapse

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19
Q

Refractory period

A

Time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

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20
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitters are absorbed by the terminal buttons of presynaptic neurons or neighbouring glial cells

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21
Q

Enzyme deactivation

A

Specific enzymes break down specific neurotransmitters

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22
Q

Diffusion

A

Neurotransmitters drift out of the synapse and cannot reach receptors

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23
Q

Agonist

A

Chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter (increases production & release of neurotransmitter, blocks reuptake)

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24
Q

Antagonist

A

drugs that diminish the function of a neurotransmitter (blocks production or release)

25
Q

Hindbrain contains

A

Medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum, and pons

26
Q

Hindbrain does

A

coordinates info coming into and out of spinal cord, controls basic functions of life

27
Q

Medulla

A

Automatic functions: breathing & heart rate

28
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Involved with sleep-wake cycle

29
Q

Pons

A

Structure that relays info from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain (latin for bridge; think ‘pont’)

30
Q

Midbrain contains

A

Tectum, and tegmentum

31
Q

Midbrain does

A

Important for orientation and movement, arousal, mood, motivation

32
Q

Forebrain contains

A

Cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia

33
Q

Forebrain does

A

Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, motor functions

34
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Higher mental function

35
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays and filters info from senses and tramsmits to cerebral cortex. (except smell)

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior

37
Q

Hippocampus

A

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

38
Q

Amygdala

A

Located at the tip of each horn of the hippocampus, plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories

39
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements

40
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

Contralateral control, connected by corpus callosum, functionally symmetrical in some ways

41
Q

Structural brain scans

A

CT/CAT & MRI (show underlying brain structure)

42
Q

Functional brain scans

A

PET scan & fMRI (show brain activity while someone engages in cognitive or motor task)

43
Q

EEG

A

sleep analysis: diagnoses conditions such as seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, brain problems

44
Q

Endocrine system

A

Network of glands that produce and secrete into the blood stream

45
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers that influence basic functions such as metabolism. growth, sexual maturation

46
Q

Pituitary gland

A

“Master gland” of the body’s hormone producing system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body

47
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Helps trigger fight or flight response

48
Q

Brain plasticity

A

Refers to brain’s ability to modify, change, and adapt both structure and function throughout life and response to experience

49
Q

Spinal cord

A

Nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between brain and body (regulates breathing pain response, and movement)

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

Regulates movement and balance (fine motor skills)

51
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual info (visual cortex)

52
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Info about touch (sensory cortex)

53
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Represents the skin areas on contralateral surface of body

54
Q

Motor cortex

A

Controls voluntary movements, sending messages to basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord. Parallel to somatosensory cortex

55
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Planning, judgment, memory, reasoning, abstract thinking, movement

56
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production (left side only)

57
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Speech comprehension (left side only)

58
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Sense of smell

59
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing (auditory cortex), language

Psychology (16 decks)

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