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Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

biomedical approach

A

includes interventions that rally around symptom reduction of psychological disorders - assumes that the disorder has roots in biomedical areas, and the solution should also be biomedical

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2
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

assumes that there are biological, psychological, and social components to a disorder - reflected in treatment

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3
Q

DSM

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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4
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder;

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5
Q

psychotic disorder symptoms include

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, negative symptoms

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6
Q

positive symptoms

A

behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior; eg delusions, catatonia

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7
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of normal or desired behavior; eg disturbance of affect and avolition

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8
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs discordant with reality and not shared by others, include delusions of reference, persecution, and grandeur, thought broadcasting, thought insertion

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9
Q

disorganized thought

A

loosening of associations - “word salad” - stringing together of unrelated thoughts or words

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10
Q

disorganized behavior

A

inability to carry out activities of daily living

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11
Q

catatonia

A

spontaneous movement and activity may be greatly reduced, or the patient may maintain a rigid posture and refuse to be moved, may also be useless and bizarre movements not caused by any external stimuli

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12
Q

disturbance of affect

A

disturbance of expression of emotion; may be blunting, flat affect, or inappropriate affect

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13
Q

avolition

A

decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions

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14
Q

prodromal phase

A

before schizophrenia is diagnosed, patient goes through a phase of poor adjustment marked by clear evidence of deterioration, social withdrawal, inappropriate affect

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15
Q

rate of development (schizophrenia)

A

if slow, prognosis is poor. if rapid, prognosis is better.

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16
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a mood disorder marked by at least one major depressive episode

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17
Q

major depressive episode

A

a period of at least two weeks with at least five of the following symptoms: prominent depressed mood, anhedonia, appetite disturbance, substantial weight change, sleep disturbance, decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating/thinking, psychomotor symptoms, thoughts of death/suicide. at least one symptom must be depressed mood or anhedonia.

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18
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

suffering from dysthymia, symptoms not severe enough to qualify as major depressive episode, most of the time for at least two years

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19
Q

dysthymia

A

depressed mood not severe enough to qualify as a major depressive episode

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20
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

seasonal onset of depressed mood, possibly caused by abnormal melatonin metabolism. treated with bright light therapy

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21
Q

bipolar disorders

A

characterized by both depression and mania.

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22
Q

manic episode

A

abnormal and persistently elevated mood lasting at least one week with at least three of the following: increased distractibility, decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts, agitation, pressured speech or increased talkativeness, involvement in risky behavior

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23
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

has manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes

24
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

has hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

25
Q

hypomania

A

does not typically impair functioning, no psychotic features, though individual may be more energetic and optimistic

26
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

combination of hypomanic episodes and dysthymia that are not sever enough to qualify as major depressive episodes

27
Q

monoamine/catecholamine theory of depression

A

too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania, while too little leads to depression

28
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

disproportionate adn persistent worry about many different things

29
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety caused by social situations

30
Q

agoraphobia

A

anxiety caused by a fear of being in places or in situations where it may be difficult to escape

31
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated panic attacks (fear and apprehension, trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, sense of unreality). frequently accompanies agoraphobia due to fear of having a panic attack in a public place.

32
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

marked by obsessions (persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses) which produce tension, and compulsions (repetitive tasks) that relieve tension but cause significant impairment

33
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

an unrealistic negative evaluation of appearance

34
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall past experience - often linked to trauma

35
Q

dissociative fugue

A

a sudden, unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from home

36
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

(multiple personality disorder) two or more personalities take control of a person’s behavior; results when components of identity fail to integrate

37
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

individuals feel detached from their own mind and body; eg an out of body experience

38
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

have at least one somatic symptom which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition; accompanied by a disproportionate concern about its seriousness

39
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

hypochondriac - consumed with thoughts about having or developing a medical condition

40
Q

conversion disorder

A

unexplained symptoms affect voluntary motor or sensory functions, generally after a traumatic experience - eg a woman goes blind after witnessing her son die - may be unconcerned by their symptom (la belle indifference)

41
Q

personality disorders

A

behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive; may be ego-syntonic or ego-dystonic.

42
Q

ego-syntonic

A

individual perceives behavior as normal

43
Q

ego-dystonic

A

individual perceives behavior as disruptive, bothersome

44
Q

three clusters of personailty disorders:

A

A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

45
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

(A) marked by a pervasive mistrust of others and suspicion regarding their motives; may be in prodromal phase of schizophrenia

46
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

(A) pattern of odd or eccentric thinking, may have ideas of reference as well as magical thinking

47
Q

schizoid personailty disorder

A

(A) detachment from social relationships, restricted range of emotional expression - show little desire for social interactions and have few if any close friends

48
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

(B) 3x more common in males. disregard for and violation of rights of others, eg illegal acts, deceitfulness, lack of remorse. many serial killers, career criminals, and people in prison are antisocial

49
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

(B) 2x more common in females. instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image. often, intense fear of abandonment. may use splitting as a defense mechanism. suicide attempts and self-mutilation are common.

50
Q

splitting

A

viewing others as either all good or all bad

51
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

(B) excessively attention-seeking - may wear colorful clothing, be dramatic, exceptionally extroverted, act seductively

52
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

(B) has a grandiose sense of self-importance, but a very fragile sense of self-esteem

53
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

(C) extreme shyness and fear of rejection; sees self as socially inept and is often socially isolated - tend to stay in same jobs, relationships, and life situations despite wanting change

54
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

(C) continuous need for reassurance; often rely on one specific person to take actions and make decisions

55
Q

obsesssive-compulsive personality disorder

A

(C) individual is inflexible and perfectionistic, tending to like rules and order. lifelong, unlike OCD, which is focal and acquired

Psych/Soc (11 decks)

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