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Intro to Pysch > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define a psychological disorder

A

There is NO agreed-upon definition, ONLY certain elements

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2
Q

How does DSM 5 define a psychological disorder

A

Clusters of symptoms occuring simultaneously; clinically significant disturbance of cognition, emotion recognition, behaviour

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3
Q

What factors make up psychological abnormalities

A
  1. Being different than general public
  2. Behaviour violating social norms
  3. Behaviour considered socially unacceptable
  4. Behaviour dangerous to indiv
  5. Person is in no signifcant distress
  6. Behaviour is dysfunctional/maladaptive to either HIMSELF or Society
  7. Perception of reality is fale
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4
Q

Define cultural diversity

A

Affecting peoples views on social standards; norm in one cultural might be abnormal in another

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5
Q

Define “normal”

A

Whaat keeps us functional, productive

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6
Q

How are clinical diagnoses made

A

Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) matching symptoms to disorders

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7
Q

Define a symptom

A

Physical, psychological sign of disorder helping to determine prognosis and aiding in research

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8
Q

Define a personality disorder

A

Inflexibile, maladaptive personality traits

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9
Q

What are the 3 personality disorder clusters

A

A: Odd behaviour
B: Dramatic, emotional, erratic
C: Fearful

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10
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model

A

Diathesis: identify factors increasing chance of disorder (biological vulernability)
Stress: identify factors triggering disorder

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11
Q

Define the odd behaviour disorder types

A

Paranoia: suspicious, hold grudges
Schizoid: prefers isolation, lack of emotional bonds
Schizotypal: odd appearance, magical thinking

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12
Q

Define the dramatic, emotional, erratic disorder types

A

Antisocial: violate social norms, lack of remorse, impuslive
Borderline: fear of abandonement, unstable self image, innaprop. anger
Narcissim: sense of self importance, lacking empathy
Histmanic: attention seeking, exagerate illness

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13
Q

Define the fearful disorder types

A

Avoidant: extreme shy, sensitive to critics
Dependent: clingy, need to be taken care of
OC: need for order, perfectionism, control

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14
Q

Define a genetic predisposition

A

Interacting with environment influences brain alterations

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15
Q

What are social and cultural influences for disorders

A

Stress, trauma, inconsistent parental discipline

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16
Q

How do genes affect disorders

A

Most are genetically influence but not determined

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17
Q

Define schizophrenia

A

Psychosis (significant loss of contact with reality)
Lifetime risk 1%
Beings in late adolescene or early adulthoot

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18
Q

What are “positive” symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusions
Hallucinations (usually auditory)
Disorganized behaviour

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of delusions

A

Grandeur: belief of being an important person of authority
Persecution: belief that people are out to get you

20
Q

What are the “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Flat effect
Alogia (reduced speech)
Avolition (no goal-directed behaviour)
Anhedonia (loss of joy of activites)

21
Q

Define negative symtpoms

A

Absence of behaviours seen in healthy people

22
Q

Define positive symptoms

A

Addition of behaviours not seen in healthy people

23
Q

Define the dopamine hypothesis

A

Schizo associated with abnormally high levels of brain activity sensitive to dopamine; by blocking dopamine, symptoms are relieved

24
Q

Which other NT is associated with schizophrenia

A

Glutuamate

25
Q

Which part of the brain is enlarged in schizos

A

Cerebral ventricles

26
Q

What causes schizophrenia

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Prenatal issues (malnutrition mother)
  3. Brain abnormalities
  4. Birth complications (lack of oxygen)
  5. Psychosis
  6. Cultural aspects (poverty)
27
Q

What brain abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia

A

Low front lobe activity
Reduces hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, grey matter

28
Q

Define a neurodevelopmental disorder

A

Stemming from early brain abnormalities

29
Q

Define a personality disorder

A
  1. deviates a lot from cultural norms
  2. inflexible, pervasive among personal/social situations
  3. clinically significant distress, impairement
30
Q

Define a though disturbance

A

Switching topics mid sentence

31
Q

Define grossly disorganized behaviour

A

Difficulty starting, completing tasks
Difficulty making decisions

32
Q

Define an inapropriate effect

A

Facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures not reflecting situation

33
Q

Which type of twins are more likely to have schizophrenia

A

Monozygotic (identical)

34
Q

Which sex is more likley to have schizophrenia

A

Men

35
Q

Define the 3 symptoms of anxiety disorder

A
  1. Fear
  2. Anxiety
  3. Physiological
36
Q

Characteristics of general anxiety disorder

A

Excessive worrying
Difficulty controlling it
Difficulty making decisions
Common in lower income people

37
Q

Define a phobia

A

Persistent, irrational fears of objects, situations, activities that a person feels should avoid

38
Q

Define agoraphobia

A

Anxiety of being in places where escape is difficult or embarassing

39
Q

Defina a social phobia

A

Irrational fear, avoidance of social situations; belief they will embarass or humiliate themselves; feel they will appear clumsy, foolish, incompetent

40
Q

Do all people with anxiety disorders experience panic attacks

A

Yes

41
Q

Define panic disorder

A

Repeated, unexpected panic attacks leading to behavioural, psychological problems

42
Q

Which sex is more likely to have GAD

A

Women

43
Q

Difference between anxiety and worry

A

Anxiety = behavioural
Worry = cognitive

44
Q

Define obsessions

A

Unwanted, disturbing thoughts

45
Q

Define compulsions

A

Ritualistic acts to control obsessions and relieve anxiety

Intro to Pysch (10 decks)

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