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Intro to Pysch > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, corpus callossum

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2
Q

Define the cerebrum

A

Process sensory info, thinking, learning, consciousness of voluntary movement, containing 2 hemis

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3
Q

Define the cerebellum

A

Coordinates skilled/voluntary movements, balance, affects muscle tone, reflex,

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4
Q

Define the corpus callosum

A

Neural fibres connecting hemis. and passing info through interhemispheric transfer

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5
Q

What are the 4 parts of the hemisphere

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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6
Q

Define the frontal lobe

A

Healthy personality, rational decision making, executive planning

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7
Q

Define the temporal lobe

A

Process auditory info

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8
Q

Define the parietal lobe

A

Respond to info from body parts (5 senses), contralateral, somatosensory (larger areas devoted to more sensitive body parts)

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9
Q

Define the occipital lobe

A

Process visual info, contralateral

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10
Q

Define lateralization

A

LH: language, math, analytics, logic
RH: facial recognition, spatial abilites, creativity, intuition

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11
Q

What damage can happen in the frontal lobe

A

Broca’s aphasia, impaired ability of language, can think but not speak

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12
Q

Define Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe, speech production, combining sounds into words then sentences

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13
Q

Define Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal, understand verbal, written material, speaking coherently

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14
Q

What damage can happen in the temporal lobe?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia, speech is fluent but incomprehensible to others

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15
Q

What damage can happen in the occiptial lobe?

A

Visual agnosia, difficulties recognizing objects due to damage in V.A.A., difficulties combining indiv. parts

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16
Q

Define the motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe, initiates voluntary move., contralateral, larger areas devoted to more precise control

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17
Q

Define the primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal, Basic sensory info (noise)

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18
Q

Define the auditory association area

A

Temporal,Making sense of sounds, words; recognizing name

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19
Q

Define the primary visual cortex

A

Occiptial, basic sight info (colours, lights, lines)

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20
Q

Define the visual association area

A

Occipital, Meaningful perception of people, animals, objects

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21
Q

Define brain plasticity

A

Ability to change, adapt in response to experience; reorganizing, growing new synaptic connections; enviro. interacts with nervous system

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22
Q

Define neurogenesis

A

Brain forming new neurons

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23
Q

What is the brain composed of (4)

A

86-90b neurons, glucose, glia cells, grey (cellbodies) and white (axons) matter

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24
Q

Define glia cells

A

Support, nurture, insolate neurons; remove debris from dead neurons; enhance neural connections

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25
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

Central and peripheral systemsW

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26
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

Brain, spinal cord

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27
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord

A

Connects brain to PNS

28
Q

What is the PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system, carrying info to and from CNS

29
Q

What are the two systems within the PNS

A

Somatic and autonomic

30
Q

Define the somatic system

A

Controls skeletal muscles, interacts with exterior enviro.; links spinal cord with body, sensory organs; voluntary behaviour

31
Q

Define the autonomic system

A

Regulates body internal enviro (organs, glands, blood vessels, heart rate, blood pressure)

32
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic system

A

Sympathetic , parasympathetic

33
Q

What is the sympathetic system

A

Preps body for action; fight-flight; emergency system; mobilizes energy; no conscious effort (breathing, HR, BP)

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic system

A

Conserves energy in body; returns to normal quiet state after emergency; most active after emotional event

35
Q

What is a reflex

A

Automatic response to pain

36
Q

What neurons are involved in a reflex

A

Sensory, intra, motor

37
Q

Define sensory neurons

A

Processes pain by carrying info from skin/muscles to CNS

38
Q

Define intraneurons

A

Connects sensory and motor neurons

39
Q

Define motor neurons

A

Removed body from pain before brain realizes by carrying info from CNS to muscle/glands/organs

40
Q

What are the 3 major parts of the brain

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

41
Q

What is the limbic system

A

Found in forebrain, structures involved in motivation, emotion, learning, memory

42
Q

What are the structures of the limbic system (5)

A

Frontal lobe, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

43
Q

What are the structures of the hindbrain (4)

A

Pons, reticula formation, medulla, cerebellum

44
Q

What is the brain stem

A

Part of brain responsible of providing oxygenW

45
Q

What are the structures of the brain stem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla, retiucal formation

46
Q

Where is the retiucal formation found

A

Region of pons, medulla

47
Q

Define thalamus

A

Relay sensory messages to cerebral cortex

48
Q

Define hippocampus

A

Store info in memory6

49
Q

Define amygdala

A

Arousal, emotion regulation/memories (fear)

50
Q

Define hypothalamus

A

Controls, regulates: body T, hunger, thirst, arousal, endocrine system

51
Q

Define the reticula formation

A

Arouses cortex, screens incoming info

52
Q

Define the pons

A

Sleeping, dreaming, arousal

53
Q

Define the medulla

A

Automatic functions (Breathing, HR, BP)

54
Q

What are the parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, soma, axon, nodes of Ranvier, Myelin sheath, axon terminal

55
Q

Define dendritesB

A

Branch-like structure receiving info from other neurons

56
Q

Define soma

A

Cell body, providing fuel, synthesizes chemicals, contains DNA

57
Q

Define nodes of Ranvier

A

generates action potential

58
Q

Define axon

A

Carries info away from cell body to neurons, muscles, glands

59
Q

Define axon terminal

A

Releases brain chemicals

60
Q

Define Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue layer surrounding axon; comes from glia cells; speeds up neural impulse conduction

61
Q

How does action potential happen

A

Current moving from node to node triggers start of AP, info becomes an electric signal gathering at dendrites and cell body then bang AP

62
Q

What is a nerve impulse

A

Seperate action potentials node to node

63
Q

Do action potentials always fire

A

No, based on all-or-nothing principle

64
Q

How do neurotransmitters becoming inactive after going in the synapse

A
  1. Diffusion (drifts out eventually) 2. Degradation (broken down by chemicals) 3. Reuptake
65
Q

What are the 4 steps to action potential

A
  1. resting (no pos+) 2. depolarization (pos+ forces in) 3. refractory (+leaves) 3. repeat

Intro to Pysch (10 decks)

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