Drugs Flashcards by Sarah Amaidia

Reasons for drug usage (5)

Euphoria
Pain (Physical/psychological)
Escape stress
Peer pressure
Experimentation

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What is the effect of continued drug use on dopamine receptors

Reduced in brain’s reward system

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Psychoactive drugs effects

Chemical influencing consciousness/behaviour by altering brain’s
chemical message system

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Types of substance use disorders

Physical and psychological drug dependance

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Physical drug dependance

Compulsive pattern of use
Drug tolerance/withdrawal symptoms when stopped

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Psychological drug dependance (4)

Craving for drug’s pleasurable effects
Impaired control
Social impairement
Risky use

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What circuits are involved in drug abuse/addiction (4)

Reward/saliency
Inhibitory control
Motivation/drive
Learning/memory

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Stimulants (4)

Caffeine (legal)
Nicotine (legal)
Amphetamines (controlled)
Cocaine (illegal)

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Effects of stimulants (4)

Euphoria, confidence, motivation
Speeds of CNS
Supresses appetite
Feel more alert/awake, energetic

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Depressants (4)

Alcohol
Barbituates
Benzodiazepines
Toxic inhalants

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Effects of depressants (3)

Reduces neural activity
Slows down body functions
Reduces sensitivity to outside stimulants

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Hallucinoges

LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin

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Effects of hallucinogens (2)

Alters sensation, perception
Auditory, visual hallucinations

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Narcotics

Opium
Morphine
Heroin
Methadone
Perscription drugs
Painkillers

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Types of narcotic painkillers

Codeine
Oxycodone
Demerol

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Effects of narcotics (3)

Depresses neural activity
Relieves pain
Euphoria

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Caffeine characteristics (5)

World’s most used drug
Coffee, tea, chocolate, soda, energy drinks
Increases alertness
Helps stay awake
Lifts mood

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Nicotine characteristics (5)

Alertness to calmness (Ritual)
Decreased appetite due to epinephrine release
Dopamine
Tolerance developped within hours
Naturally found in tobacco

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What harmful product is associated with smoking

Carcinogens

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What is wrong with carcinogens

Largest cause of PREVENTABLE deaths in the world

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Cocaine characteristics (4)

Eupohria followed by crash = anhedonia
Local external anesthetic
Blocks reuptake of dopamine/norepinephrine
Over-stimulates receptors, producing the high

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Cocaine effect in moderate dose

Burst of energy, euphoria

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Cocaine effect in heavy dose

Anxiety, paranoia, hallucination

Cocaine effect in heavy dose + LT use

Heart dammage, heart attack, seizures, disregarding consequences

What is the usage of cocaine in Canada (%)

Amphetamines characteristics

Synthetic Increases dopamine/norepinephrine Increases arousale Relieves fatigue Supresses appetite Gives energy

Medical use for amphetamines

Narcolepsy, overdose, appetite surpressant

Amphetamine effect LT use (9)

Pyschosis Exhaustion Depression Agitation Paranoia Stroke Liver damage Memory loss Extreme weight loss

Effect of depressants low use

Activates brain pleasure areas by increasing dopamine

Effects of depressants high dosse

Lowers glutamate Increases GABA Slows brain activity Depresses breathing, motor functions, reflexes in medulla

Depressants LT dangers (5)

Cirrohsis of liver Malnutrition Stomach pains Sexual performance Brain damage

0.01-0.05 BAC

Friendliness, loss of inhibitions

0.06-0.10 BAC

Impaired: Motor coordination Cognitive abilities Decision making Speech

>0.4 BAC

Coma, death

Legal BAC in Quebec

.08 (80mg/100mL blood)

Effects of barbiturates

Sedative effect promoting sleep

Effects of bezodiazepines

Lowers anxiety Reduces stress

Inhalants

Glue, gas, propane, aerosal sprays, cleaning fluids, paint, nail polish remover

Inhalant short term effects

Drowsiness Slurred speech

Inhalants long term effects

Organ damage Brain damage

LSD characteristics

10-12 hour highs Vivid hallucinations, distortions Bad trips lead to hospitalization Flashbacks

LSD LT effects

Loss of appetite Sleepiness Depression

Marijuana characteristics (5)

Distorts perception, hallucinations Alters mood, cognition Impairs motor skills, coordination Relaxation, giddiness Amotivational syndrome

Cannabis sativa

Leaves, flowers from hemp plant

Hashish

Resinous material scraped from leaves, higher THC

What part of weed produces intoxication

Leaves, buds of hemp plant

What is the active chemical in weed

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

What does THC bind to in the brain

Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs)

What do CBRs influence (5)

Pleasure Memory/thinking Coordination Sensory/time/pain perception Appetite

What do people desire from weed

Euphoria Time/perceptual distortion Heightened sensory perception

Effects of current strains of cannabis

Decrease in motivation Depression Anxiety Acute psychosis (hallucinations)

Effects of narcotics (opiates)

Depress neural activity Relieve pain Euphoria

T/F: Brain produces endorphins (natural morphine)

Yes

Define addiction

Brain produces less of its own endorphins

Define withdrawal

Hot.cold flashes, sweating, muscle tremors, cramps

Define overdose

Depressed neural control for breathing Death from respiratory failure