Psychodynamic & Humanistic Therapies Flashcards
Freudian Psychoanalysis
- assumptions
- cause of defense mechanisms
- primary goal(s) of treatment
- assumptions:
* deterministic & pessimistic view of human nature
* psychological problems due to unconscious unresolved conflicts that arose in childhood
* conflict cause anxiety & result from divergent demands of the id, ego, & superego - cause of defense mechanisms: the ego is unable to resolve a conflict between the id and superego using rational means
- primary goals of treatment:
* make the unconscious conscious
* strengthen the ego so that behavior is based more on reality & less on instinctual cravings & irrational guilt
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the id
instinct
- present at birth
- the primary source of psychic energy are life (sexual) and death (aggression) instincts
- operates according to the pleasure principle
- seeks immediate gratification of instinctual needs
- uses unconscious irrational means to meet instinctual needs
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the ego
- develops at about 6 months of age
- operates according to the reality principle
- seeks to gratify the id’s instincts in realistic, rational ways
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the superego
society
- last aspect of personality to develop
- represents the internalization of society’s values & standards
- acts as the conscience
- attempts to permanently block (rather than gratify) the id’s instincts
Freudian Psychoanalysis
describe characteristics of defense mechanisms and list them
- denial or distortion of reality; operate on an unconscious level
- repeated reliance on them keeps a person from resolving the conflicts that are causing anxiety
- repression
- denial
- reaction formation
- projection
- sublimation
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the defense mechanism repression
- basis of all other defense mechanisms
- involuntary
- involves keeping undesirable thoughts & urges out of conscious awareness
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics & methods of the defense mechanism denial
- immature; involves refusing to acknowledge distressing aspects of reality
- ignoring, distorting, & rejecting reality
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the defense mechanism reaction formation
defending against an unacceptable impulse by expressing it’s opposite
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the defense mechanism projection
attritbuting an unacceptable impulse to another person
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of the defense mechanism sublimation
channeling an unacceptable impulse into a socially desirable (and often admirable) endeavor
Freudian Psychoanalysis
what is the primary technique of psychoanalysis
analysis of a client’s free associations, dreams, resistance, & transference
Freudian Psychoanalysis
list the 4 steps in the process of psychoanalysis
- Confrontation
- Clarification
- Interpretation
- Working Through
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of Step 1: Confrontation
helping clients recognize behaviors they’ve been unaware of & their possible causes
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of Step 2: Clarification
bringing the cause of behaviors into sharper focus by separating important details from extraneous material
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of Step 3: Interpretation
explicitly linking conscious behaviors to unconscious processes
Freudian Psychoanalysis
repeated interpretation leads to what?
catharsis and insight into the connection between unconscious material & current behavior
Freudian Psychoanalysis
define catharsis according to psychoanalysis
the experience of repressed emotions
Freudian Psychoanalysis
characteristics of Step 4: Working Through
a gradual process during which the client accepts & integrates new insights into their life
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
- assumptions about behavior
- list 2 aspects of the unconscious psyche
- primary goal(s) of treatment
- assumptions:
* behavior is driven by both positive & negative forces
* personality continues to develop throughout the lifespan
* behavior is affected by the past & the future - the 2 aspects of the unconscious psyche: personal & collective unconscious
- primary goals of treatment:
* bring unconscious material into consciousness
* facilitate the process of individuation
Jung’s Analytical Psychology
what do the personal and collective unconscious consist of
- personal: a person’s own forgotten or repressed memories
- collective: memories that are shared by all people and are passed down from one generation to the next