Psychodynamic approaches Flashcards
What is neuroses?
-Neuroses tend to be created from childhood yet symptoms show up delayed
-Triggered due to stress
Describe healthy development
-Passing through stages successfully with lack of regressions
-Ego and superego develop well
-Adapting to adequate defence mechanisms
Describe neurotic development
-Repression can occur where there is frustration of sexual impulses
-These sexual impulses are then transformed into neurotic impulses
-Adapting to inadequate defence mechanisms
How does OCD link to this?
-The id impulses are feared and therefore defence mechanisms are used
-There is a ‘battle’ between opposing forces
-Fixation at ‘anal’ stage
How does depression link to this?
-Regression to ‘oral’ stage which is seen to be similar to grieving
-Introjection of negative feelings, meaning you are projecting the feelings onto yourself
The main aims and uses of therapy are…
-Make the unconscious conscious
-Strengthen the ego so it approves of the id
-Psychoanalysis tends to be used for more neurotic disorders
-Should have at least 4 sessions a week, around 45 minutes each
What does Freud state psychoanalysis shouldn’t be used for?
-individuals with psychosis
-individuals near or above the age of 50
-individuals who lack reasonable education
What are the 5 different therapeutic interventions?
-Free association
-Resistance
-Transference
-Interpretation
-Dream analysis
Describe free association as a therapeutic intervention
-Allows the mind to wander and vocalise everything that comes to mind even if it seems pointless or unpleasant
-Reduce any repression by making the unconscious conscious
-Sticks to ‘fundamental rule’
Describe resistance as a therapeutic intervention
-Anything that works against the process of therapy
-Ego is protected from the id
-Doesn’t stick to the ‘fundamental rule’
Describe transference as a therapeutic intervention
-Look into ‘reincarnations of key people in life such as parents
-Try to talk about past relationship with this person and will load their emotions and past thoughts about them
-Therapist can learn more about the behaviour that occurred in this relationship
Describe interpretation as a therapeutic intervention
-Figure out what has happened that may have been pushed to the back of their mind and forgotten about
-As well as what is happening now without them realising
-Repressed unconscious things become conscious
-Clients begin to understand about defence mechanisms
Describe dream analysis as a therapeutic intervention
-The main function of dreams is seen to be ‘disguised hallucinatory fulfillments of repressed sexual wishes’
-Manifest content (what we can recall) vs Latent content (what this shows/tells us)
-Dreamwork is complex mental process of disguising e.g. displacement and symbolism
-Displacement is emotional attachment onto something in real life which is transferred into a dream
-Symbolism is something important in life like an object, which is something else in the dream
How does the case of The Wolf Man link to dream analysis?
-Had a dream the night before his 4th birthday, where there were wolves in a walnut tree
-Symptoms were being shown due to unconscious material
-At 1 and a half years he witnessed his parents having sexual intercourse (according to freud, he demands this too but faers castration)
-Dream analysis and free association was used with him - idea of a ‘Christmas tree’ and that there was wish fulfilment of sexual satisfaction
Evaluation of Freud’s psychoanalysis
-Changed how we view human nature
-Took a psychogenic approach
-Some ideas lack scientificity
