Intro to mental health problems Flashcards
Psychotherapy is…
-A talking therapy that helps you overcome emotional difficulties and challenge mental health issues
-It is long term, has deep level of experience and is extremely patient led
Norcross (1990) stated that…
Psychotherapy is ‘application of clinical methods and interpersonal stances derived from established psychological principles to modify individuals behaviour, cognition and emotions’
DSM 5 states that…
‘A mental disorder is a syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in individual,s cognition, emotion and behaviour’
GBD 2017 found that…
792 million worldwide are affected by mental health issues, which equates to be 10.7% of the population
Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2016 found that…
1 in 6 in the UK identify having a mental health problem within the previous week
2019 BACP Public Perceptions Survey found that…
33% of respondents had confirmed to having either psychotherapy or counselling
Prevalence is…
the amount of people in the population who have a specific disorder at a given time
Point prevalence is…
at a specific point in time
Period prevalence is…
at any point in a given period
Lifetime prevalence is…
at any point within lifetime up until being assessed
Incidence is…
the amount of new cases that arises in a period of time
What two diagnostic tools are used to diagnose a mental disorder?
DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
ICD - International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
What are the 4D’s?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger
What are the symptoms of depression?
Persistent low mood
Loss of interest in activities
Tearfulness
Disrupted sleep
Reduced appetite
Irritability
Statistic of depression
McManus et al 2009 estimated 4-10% experience depression throughout their lifetime
2:1 female to male ratio
What are the symptoms of anxiety?
-Excessive worrying that persists beyond ‘normal’ causing distress
-Generalised anxiety has excessive worrying around events, unable to control worry
-Social anxiety disorder is persistent fear around social situations
-Phobia is persistent fear around a specific thing
Statistic of anxiety disorders
GA - 2:1 female to male ratio
SA and Phobias - 3:2 female to male ratio
8.2 million cases of anxiety in UK as of 2013
What are the symptoms of OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)?
Obsessions include recurrent distressing ideas e.g. fear of contamination/harm and can be linked to body image
Compulsions include repetitive behaviours that minimise distress e.g. repeated acts
Statistics of OCD
1:1 female to male ratio
What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Mood disorder where you experience feelings of depression and mania/hypomania
Bipolar Disorder I - alternating mania and depression
Bipolar Disorder II - depression and hypomania
Statistics of bipolar disorder
Grant et al (2002) found prevalence of 2% in US
Baker (2018) found prevalence of 2% in UK
1:1 female to male ratio
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?
Distortion of thinking
Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions
Negative symptoms include poverty of speech and social withdrawal
Statistics of schizophrenia
Onset of early childhood and around 220,000 experience it in England and Wales
3:4 female to male ratio
What are the symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
-Refusing to maintain a healthy weight as they have a fear of it
-Distorted body perception
-Amenorrhea
-Denying that behaviour is a problem
What are the symptoms of bulimia nervosa?
-Recurrent binge eating
-Compensatory behaviour following such as purging
-Dental troubles
-Aware that behaviour is a problem
Statistics of eating disorders
Can affect up to 1.6 million in UK
9:1 female to male ratio
What are the symptoms of a personality disorder?
Impacts how an individual feels about themselves and others and can have a massive impact on relationships
Statistics of personality disorder
1 in 20 people get a personality disorder in UK
What are the symptoms of PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder)?
Experience traumatic event in some way which may involve death or serious injury
Flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, nightmares and anxiety symptoms
Statistics of PTSD
Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey found 1 in 20 people report having PTSD
