Humanistic Approaches 2 Flashcards
Do humanistic therapies work (overall) ?
-Tend to lack evidence and have very little interest from NICE (Khele, 2008)
-Rosenzweig (1936) - common factors rather than specific factors, looked into dodo bird
-Wampold (2006) - as well as other meta-analyses, all therapies lead to comparable effect sizes
What did the research by Asay and Lambert (1999) find?
-‘Lambert’s pie’
-Common factors most frequently studied;
-Technqiue (15%)
-Expectancy/Placebo (15%)
-Therapeutic relationship (30%)
-Client variables (40%)
Do humanistic therapies work for depression?
-King et al. (2000) conducted Randomised Controlled Trials in mild/moderate depression
-Found that PCT and CBT are effective in reducing depressive symptoms at the 4 month period, both a lot better than GP care
-Patients in PCT group were more satisfied with experience at the 12 month period compared to CBT group
What was Gibbard and Hanley (2008) research into Person Centred Therapies?
-Looked at PCT in primary care
-In those who had anxiety/depression, including mild/moderate/severe
-Counselling was included as option but was considered less supportive than other options
What did NICE recommendations say around counselling?
-It is very low down when choosing what is best for individuals with both less/more severe depression
What 3 pieces of research looks into whether humanistic therapies work for different client groups?
-McArthur et al (2013)
-Pearce et al (2017)
-Freire et al (2005)
Describe the research conducted by McArthur et al (2013)
-Looked at school based humanistic counselling (SBHC) compared to waiting list control
-It’s non directive and based on Rogers’ work
-Assumes that distress is created due to extrinsic demands
-Used on people aged 13-16, experiencing moderate/high psychological distress
-Given statements such as ‘I am feeling extremely tense at the moment’
-They had to rate them
-Found that it’s effective in young people but it lacks diversity and has a small sample
Describe the research conducted by Pearce et al (2017)
-Supported McArthur et al (2013) in a more ethical and diverse way using a better sample
-Found that there was effectiveness but only short term
Describe the research conducted by Freire et al (2005)
-Looked at children in a residential shelter in Southern Brazil who had been receiving PCT
-At 6 months it was found that there was ‘observable improvements’ in relationships with shelter staff, family and friends
What multi-cultural considerations are there in psychotherapy?
-Culture refers to “the values and behaviours shared by a group of individuals” (Corey, 2013)
-Includes ethnicity, race, age, gender etc.
-Ethical obligation is for psychotherapists so that they can develop cultural sensitivity
-Most psychotherapists are white males (either europe/america), can cause ethnocentrism
What are the 4 core values of Laungani (1999) that distinguish Western and Eastern cultures
-Individualism v Collectivism
-Cognitivism v Emotionalism
-Free will v Determinism
-Materialism v Spiritualism
What is the difference between monocultural v multicultural
-Monocultural
-Neglect multicultural worldviews
-Fail to consider the role of power
-Resist change
-Multicultural
-Embrace diversity
-Consider power based on characteristics
-Embrace change and empowerment
What are the 3 ways of addressing the issue of culturally relevant psychotherapy?
-More engagement with non-western cultures
-Adapt existing mainstream therapies to be more culturally sensitive
-Therapists developing multicultural competencies
Describe the idea of engaging more with non-western cultures
-Meditation - using mindfulness breathing that originated within Hinduism and can reduce psychological stress
-Naikan Therapy - type of Japanese buddhism where you find meaning and show gratitude for people and things in your life
Describe the idea of adapting mainstream therapies so that they are more culturally sensitive
-Person centred therapy
-Use empathy and expanding cultural empathy
-Overcome potential barriers such as clients not talking about problems outside their family
