Psychodynamic approach

Question 1

What are the key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 1

Unconscious forces operate on the mind and influence our behaviour, most unconscious forces and drives are innate and control or determine our behaviour so all we say and do has a cause and some unconscious forces develop during childhood and effect our behaviour

Question 2

How many parts are there to our conscious?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What are the parts to our conscious?

Answer 3

Conscious, preconscious and unconscious

Question 4

What determines our behaviour?

Answer 4

Unconscious forces which is psychic determinism

Question 5

What are the 3 parts to our personality?

Answer 5

ID, ego and superego

Question 6

What part of our consciousness is the ID?

Answer 6

The unconscious

Question 7

What part of our consciousness is the ego?

Answer 7

Preconscious

Question 8

What part of the consciousness is the superego?

Answer 8

The conscious

Question 9

What principle is the ID?

Answer 9

The pleasure principle

Question 10

When does the ID develop?

Answer 10

It is present from birth

Question 11

What does the ID do?

Answer 11

It demands immediate gratification regardless of the situation and this results in pleasure and frustration leads to tension

Question 12

What principle is the ego?

Answer 12

The reality principle

Question 13

When does the ego develop?

Answer 13

At about 2 years old

Question 14

What does the ego do?

Answer 14

It delays gratifying the ID until a more appropriate opportunity and must compromise between impulsive demands of the ID and moralistic demands of superego

Question 15

What principle is the superego?

Answer 15

The morality principle

Question 16

When does the superego develop?

Answer 16

At about 4-5 years old

Question 17

What does the superego do?

Answer 17

It is the internalised idea of right and wrong based off moral standards of the child’s sam-sex parent which produces feeling of guilt for wrongdoing, also includes an ego-ideal of how we should behave

Question 18

What are defences mechanisms?

Answer 18

They help the ego manage the demand of the ID and superego

Question 19

What do defences mechanisms do?

Answer 19

They unconsciously distort reality but if over-used, they become psychologically unhealthy and desirable

Question 20

How many types of defence mechanisms are there?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

What are the 3 types of defence mechanisms?

Answer 21

Repression, denial and displacement

Question 22

What is repression?

Answer 22

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

Question 23

What is denial?

Answer 23

Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

Question 24

What is displacement?

Answer 24

Transferring the feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target

Question 25

What are the psychosexual stages?

Answer 25

Oral, anal, phallic and genital

Question 26

Which psychosexual stage is the ID?

Answer 26

Oral

Question 27

Which psychosexual stage is the ego?

Answer 27

Anal

Question 28

Which psychosexual stage is the superego?

Answer 28

Phallic

Question 29

When is the oral stage?

Answer 29

0-1

Question 30

What is the oral stage?

Answer 30

The focus of pleasure is the mouth and breastfeeding

Question 31

What is the consequence of an unresolved oral conflict?

Answer 31

Oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, being sarcastic and being critical

Question 32

When is the anal stage?

Answer 32

1-3

Question 33

What is the anal stage?

Answer 33

The focus of pleasure is the anus where pleasure is gained from withholding and expelling faeces

Question 34

What are the consequences of an unresolved anal conflict?

Answer 34

Being anally retentive - obsessive perfectionist or being anally expulsive - thoughtless and messy

Question 35

When is the phallic stage?

Answer 35

3-6

Question 36

What is the phallic stage?

Answer 36

Focus of pleasure is the genital area

Question 37

What are the consequences of an unresolved phallic conflict?

Answer 37

Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless and sexual anxiety

Question 38

When does the latency stage occur?

Answer 38

6 to puberty

Question 39

What is the latency stage?

Answer 39

Earlier conflicts are repressed

Question 40

When is the genital stage?

Answer 40

Puberty onwards

Question 41

What is the genital stage?

Answer 41

Sexual desires become conscious

Question 42

What is the consequence of an unresolved genital conflict?

Answer 42

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 43

What i the oedipus complex?

Answer 43

When a child is in love with their parent of the opposite sex and hates or wants to kill the parent of same sex

Question 44

What are the causes of an oral fixation?

Answer 44

Early weaning and deprivation of love or food

Question 45

What are the causes of an anal fixation?

Answer 45

Harsh or lax toilet training

Question 46

What are the causes of a phallic fixation?

Answer 46

A very dominant mother and no father figure