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A-Level AQA A Psychology - Approaches > Psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Unconscious forces operate on the mind and influence our behaviour, most unconscious forces and drives are innate and control or determine our behaviour so all we say and do has a cause and some unconscious forces develop during childhood and effect our behaviour

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2
Q

How many parts are there to our conscious?

A

3

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3
Q

What are the parts to our conscious?

A

Conscious, preconscious and unconscious

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4
Q

What determines our behaviour?

A

Unconscious forces which is psychic determinism

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts to our personality?

A

ID, ego and superego

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6
Q

What part of our consciousness is the ID?

A

The unconscious

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7
Q

What part of our consciousness is the ego?

A

Preconscious

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8
Q

What part of the consciousness is the superego?

A

The conscious

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9
Q

What principle is the ID?

A

The pleasure principle

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10
Q

When does the ID develop?

A

It is present from birth

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11
Q

What does the ID do?

A

It demands immediate gratification regardless of the situation and this results in pleasure and frustration leads to tension

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12
Q

What principle is the ego?

A

The reality principle

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13
Q

When does the ego develop?

A

At about 2 years old

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14
Q

What does the ego do?

A

It delays gratifying the ID until a more appropriate opportunity and must compromise between impulsive demands of the ID and moralistic demands of superego

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15
Q

What principle is the superego?

A

The morality principle

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16
Q

When does the superego develop?

A

At about 4-5 years old

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17
Q

What does the superego do?

A

It is the internalised idea of right and wrong based off moral standards of the child’s sam-sex parent which produces feeling of guilt for wrongdoing, also includes an ego-ideal of how we should behave

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18
Q

What are defences mechanisms?

A

They help the ego manage the demand of the ID and superego

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19
Q

What do defences mechanisms do?

A

They unconsciously distort reality but if over-used, they become psychologically unhealthy and desirable

20
Q

How many types of defence mechanisms are there?

A

3

21
Q

What are the 3 types of defence mechanisms?

A

Repression, denial and displacement

22
Q

What is repression?

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

23
Q

What is denial?

A

Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

24
Q

What is displacement?

A

Transferring the feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target

25
Q

What are the psychosexual stages?

A

Oral, anal, phallic and genital

26
Q

Which psychosexual stage is the ID?

A

Oral

27
Q

Which psychosexual stage is the ego?

A

Anal

28
Q

Which psychosexual stage is the superego?

A

Phallic

29
Q

When is the oral stage?

A

0-1

30
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

The focus of pleasure is the mouth and breastfeeding

31
Q

What is the consequence of an unresolved oral conflict?

A

Oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, being sarcastic and being critical

32
Q

When is the anal stage?

A

1-3

33
Q

What is the anal stage?

A

The focus of pleasure is the anus where pleasure is gained from withholding and expelling faeces

34
Q

What are the consequences of an unresolved anal conflict?

A

Being anally retentive - obsessive perfectionist or being anally expulsive - thoughtless and messy

35
Q

When is the phallic stage?

A

3-6

36
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A

Focus of pleasure is the genital area

37
Q

What are the consequences of an unresolved phallic conflict?

A

Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless and sexual anxiety

38
Q

When does the latency stage occur?

A

6 to puberty

39
Q

What is the latency stage?

A

Earlier conflicts are repressed

40
Q

When is the genital stage?

A

Puberty onwards

41
Q

What is the genital stage?

A

Sexual desires become conscious

42
Q

What is the consequence of an unresolved genital conflict?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

43
Q

What i the oedipus complex?

A

When a child is in love with their parent of the opposite sex and hates or wants to kill the parent of same sex

44
Q

What are the causes of an oral fixation?

A

Early weaning and deprivation of love or food

45
Q

What are the causes of an anal fixation?

A

Harsh or lax toilet training

46
Q

What are the causes of a phallic fixation?

A

A very dominant mother and no father figure

A-Level AQA A Psychology - Approaches (7 decks)

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