Humanistic approach Flashcards
What is the humanistic approach?
Behaviour is a result of subjective and individual experience
What are the assumptions of the humanistic approach?
The result of our motivation means we can meet out needs, growth need is hardest to meet and the obstacles to meeting growth need (incongruence) also shape behaviour
What do humanists believe?
We could all choose our own behaviour and it is not determined by outside forces, but we are also all unique so cannot be compared or investigated quantitively
What is the order or Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
- Physiological needs.
- Safety needs
- Belongingness and love needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualisation
What are physiological needs?
Food, water, warmth and rest
What are safety needs?
Security and safety
What are belongingness and love needs?
Intimidate relationships and friends
What are esteem needs?
Prestige and feelings of accomplishment
What are basic needs?
Physiological and safety needs
What are psychological needs?
Esteem, belongingness and love needs
What are self-fulfilment needs?
Self actualisation
What is self actualisation?
Being self-aware, caring, wise, interested and problem centred
What is the focus of self actualisation?
Focusing energy on a task that is a mission in their life and having a higher purposes
What is needed for self-actualisation?
A growth promoting climate
What is free-will?
Humans are self-determining individuals - active agents who determine their own development
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A five-levelled sequence where basic needs, then psychological needs, must be met before growth needs (self actualisation)
What is congruence?
When a person’s behaviour matches up with their own thoughts so the self-concept and ideal self broadly match
What is incongruence?
A person’s behaviour doesn’t match their own thoughts so self-concept and self-ideal are different
What happens if the gap between self-concept and self-ideal are too far apart?
Negative feelings will arise so no growth will happen
What is the importance of self-concept and self-ideal matching?
It links to self-esteem and is needed to work towards self-actualisation
How does therapy help the mismatch between self-concept and ideal self?
It provides unconditional positive regard to achieve congruence
What is the role of therapist in client-centred therapy?
To help the client discover resources they have within them so they can help themselves
What happens in client-centred therapy?
Patients aren’t advised what to do but encouraged to make their own changes and discover own self-actualising tendencies
What are conditions of worth?
Placing limits or boundaries on parent’s love of their children
What is client-centred therapy?
The focus is on the problem from the client’s viewpoint rather than a diagnosis from a therapist to increase a clients self-esteem
