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Psychology A level > Psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is the main figure in the psychodynamic approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What does the psychodynamic approach out an emphasis on?

A

Change and development in an individual

Childhood plays a major role

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3
Q

What is the best known psychodynamic theory?

A

Psychoanalysis

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4
Q

What are the 4 key methods of the psychodynamic approach?

A

The role of the unconscious
The tripartite of personality
Defence mechanisms
The psychosexual stages

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5
Q

What is the role of the unconscious?

A

We have an ‘unconscious’ mind which influences most of our daily behaviours

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6
Q

What metaphor is used to describe the unconscious?

A

An iceberg

The top of the ice berg is visible (conscious) but the much larger part is hidden under the surface (unconscious)

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7
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the conscious memory?

A

The conscious
The precocious
The unconscious

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8
Q

What is the conscious?

The role of the unconscious

A

The small amount of mental activity we know about

e.g. thoughts

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9
Q

What is the preconscious?

The role of the unconscious

A

Things we COULD be aware of if we wanted or tried

e.g. stored info

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10
Q

What is the unconscious?

The role of the unconscious

A

Things we are unaware of and cannot become aware of

e.g. instincts

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11
Q

What is the tripartite of personality?

A

Personality is composed of 3 parts

Behaviour is a compromise between these parts

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tripartite of personality?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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13
Q

What is the Id?

Tripartite of personality

A

The ‘selfish beast’ of the personality
Contained in the unconscious mind
Operates according to the ‘pleasure principle’

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14
Q

What is an example of the Id?

Tripartite of personality

A

‘I want it now!’

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15
Q

What is the ego?

Tripartite of personality

A

‘Balances the Id and superego

Operates according to the ‘reality principle’

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16
Q

What is an example of the ego?

Tripartite of personality

A

‘Maybe I can find a compromise’

17
Q

What is the superego?

Tripartite of personality

A

The ‘relentless policeman’ that continues to insists we do the ‘right thing’
Contained in the conscious mind
The ego ideal

18
Q

What is an example of the superego?

Tripartite of personality

A

‘Nice people don’t do that’

19
Q

When can defence mechanisms be triggered?

A

When faced with a situation that can’t be rationally dealt with

20
Q

What part of the tripartite is used in defence mechanisms?

A

The ego-trying to be a good person so shields from anything bad

21
Q

What are defence mechanisms and how do they work?

A

Unconscious distortion of reality to reduce anxiety the memory causes
This then stops the individual becoming aware of these negative feelings

22
Q

What are the 3 defence mechanisms?

A

Repression
Denial
Displacement

23
Q

What is repression?

Defence mechanisms

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of your conscious mind

24
Q

What is an example of repression?

Defence mechanisms

A

e.g. forgetting the trauma of a pet dying

25
Q

What is denial?

Defence mechanisms

A

Refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

26
Q

What is an example of denial?

Defence mechanisms

A

e.g. continuing to turn up to work even though you’ve been fired

27
Q

What is displacement?

Defence mechanisms

A

Transferring feelings from the true object of anxiety onto a substitute target

28
Q

What is an example of displacement?

Defence mechanisms

A

e.g. slamming the door after a row

29
Q

What does psychosexual development refer to?

A

States that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality

30
Q

What is the relevance of the 5 stages all children go through?
Psychosexual development

A

Each stage has a designated ‘pleasure zone’ and ‘primary activity’
Each stage requires resolution of a task
Failure to do this successfully will lead to a fixation

31
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent 
Genital
32
Q

What is the oral stage of psychosexual development?

A

0-1

Drink from bottle and teething

33
Q

What is the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A

1-3

Potty training

34
Q

What is the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

A

3-6

Recognising different genders

35
Q

What is the latent stage of psychosexual development?

A

6-11

Awareness of society

36
Q

What is the genital stage of psychosexual development?

A

12+

Puberty and sexuality

37
Q

What is fixation?

Psychosexual development

A

Getting stuck at any one of the stages
May occur due to trauma, pleasant or unpleasant experiences etc
Traces of the stage will remain in behaviour as an adult

Psychology A level (12 decks)

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