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Psychology A level > Behaviourist Approach > Flashcards

Behaviourist Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are key assumptions of the behaviourist approach?

A

We are born as a ‘tabula rosa’

Everything we become is shaped by the process of learning from our environment

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2
Q

What does ‘tabula rosa’ mean?

A

Blank slate

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3
Q

Is the behaviourist approach nature or nurture?

A

Nurture

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4
Q

What does the behaviourist approach argue in order for psychology to be scientific?

A

Argues that in order for psychology to be scientific, it should focus on observable behaviour which can be objectively measured

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5
Q

What type of experiments are the best way to investigate the behaviourist approach?

A

Lab experiments

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6
Q

What are the 2 main forms of learning?

A

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

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7
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Learning through association

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8
Q

How does classical conditioning work?

A

Two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response

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9
Q

What study was conducted into classical conditioning?

A

Pavlovs dogs

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10
Q

Pavlovs dogs: Before conditioning

A

Neutral stimulus: the bell
Unconditioned stimulus: the food
Unconditioned response: the salivation

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11
Q

Pavlovs dogs: During conditioning

A 
NS: the bell
is linked with the
UCS: the food 
to produce the
UCR: the salivation
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12
Q

Pavlovs dogs: After conditioning

A

Conditioned stimulus: the bell

Conditioned response: the salivation

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13
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Learning through consequences and reinforcement

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14
Q

What is reinforcement?

A

Anything which has the effect of increasing the likelihood of behaviour being repeated

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15
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Reinforcement by using consequences which are positive when they happen

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16
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Reinforcement by using consequences that are pleasant when they stop

17
Q

What is punishment?

A

Anything which has the effect of decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated by using consequences that are negative when they happen

18
Q

What was the study into operant conditioning?

A

Skinners rat box

19
Q

What was the procedure of Skinners rat box study?

A

A rat or pigeon is placed in an enclosed box with no influence from the outside world
The rat is hungry so performs a variety of behaviours

20
Q

What is an example of positive reinforcement in Skinners rat box?

A

By chance he presses the lever -> a pellet of food appears -> rat will do it again

21
Q

What is an example of negative reinforcement in Skinners rat box?

A

Box became electrocuted -> by chance he presses a lever -> electric current stops -> rat presses lever again if electrocution starts

Psychology A level (12 decks)

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