Psychobiology of disease

Question 1

Model of stress

Answer 1

Can be a stimulus - approach of exam period

Can be a response- fight or flight

Question 2

Selye general adaption syndrome

Answer 2

Stage 1- alarm reaction- symptoms increases arousal
Stage 2- Resistance-edno tries to maintain
Stage 3- exhaustion- adrenals lose function.

Question 3

Psycho-physiological and behavioural pathways linking stress and disease

Answer 3

Events cause stress- which cause physiological and behavioural changes leading to disease

Question 4

Type A behaviour and relationship with cardiovascular health

Answer 4

Individuals who tend to live under great pressure and demand much of themselves and others

· High levels of competitiveness, ambition, aggressiveness, and hostility

· Type “A” individuals have double the risk for coronary heart disease

· Increased risk is driven by negative emotions, such as anger, cynical hostility, and overreaction to stressful events

Question 5

Placebo and nocebo effect

Answer 5

The Placebo Effect: The placebo effect is when people are given a treatment that has no active ingredient yet report an improvement

The Nocebo Effect: The nocebo effect is when people develop adverse symptoms that fit their beliefs even when they have not been exposed to an active treatment.

Question 6

Social support and health

Answer 6

A large recent meta-analysis suggests individuals with adequate perceived social relationships have a 50% greater likelihood of survival in the event of illnesses compared to those with poor or insufficient perceived social relationships.