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Psychology > Psycho Active Drugs > Flashcards

Psycho Active Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Mind altering substances

A

Psycho active drugs

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2
Q

Once in our blood stream, psycho active drugs influence our behavior by altering the function of the

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

Over A period of hours, but influence of the drug gradually wears off as the ____ produces enzymes that metabolize the drug

A

Liver

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4
Q

Enhance the activity of the CNS

A

Stimulants

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5
Q

Slow down or impair the activity of the CNS

A

Depressants

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6
Q

Distort the brain’s processing of sensory experiences

A

Hallucinogens

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7
Q

Drugs that mimic the action of a particular neurotransmitter or facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter

A

Agonists

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8
Q

Other drugs oppose or block the action of a particular neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

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9
Q

Both of these produce their behavioral effects by altering the normal functioning of the neurotransmitters

A

Agonist and antagonist

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10
Q

Psychoactive drugs that speed up or enhance the activity of the central nervous system

A

Stimulants

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11
Q

This is the most widely used psychoactive drug, stimulant

A

Caffeine

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12
Q

Another widely used stimulant is obtained primarily from tobacco

A

Nicotine

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13
Q

Caffeine and nicotine are both considered agonist for the neurotransmitter ____ , but they use different mechanisms

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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14
Q

These receptors, called nicotinic receptors, control the release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland’s and the release of the neurotransmitters _____ and ___ from neurons in the limbic system

A

Dopamine and serotonin

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15
Q

Caffeine produces its behavior affects indirectly, by blocking the action of, a neurotransmitter like substance that inhibits the release of other neurotransmitters especially dopamine, norepinephrine and ach

A

Adenosine

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16
Q

These were discovered in the late 1800s and were used in the 1930s and the 1940s as a treatment for a wide range of medical problems

A

Amphetamines

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17
Q

Amphetamine abuse became A serious problem in the 1950s and 1960s, especially when it’s more potent forms became available

A

Dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine a.k.a. speed

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18
Q

At Low doses, 20 to 40 mg, ____ produce increase alertness and a sense of euphoria. Also reduces fatigue

A

Amphetamines

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19
Q

At high doses, these can cause muscle tremors, insomnia, aggressive outbursts, meaning less behavior and paranoid delusions

A

Amphetamines

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20
Q

Extracted from the leaves of the coca plant in the form of the white powder

A

Cocaine

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21
Q

Amphetamines and cocaine are both considered

A

Dopamine agonists

22
Q

Causes more Dopamine to be released into the synaptic gap

A

Amphetamine

23
Q

Blocks the reabsorption of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron

A

Cocaine

24
Q

Behavioral effects of these drugs seem to be produced by the overstimulation of dopamine receptors in the ____, a set a brain structures involved in emotion and motivation

A

Limbic system

25
Q

Psycho active drugs that slow down or impair the activity of the central nervous system

A

Depressants

26
Q

One class of depressants, often called narcotics, is based on____, A crude extract from the opium poppy

A

OPium

27
Q

Throughout recorded history, ___ has been one of the world main substance abuse problems

A

Opium addiction

28
Q

This was isolated as a main active in gradient of opium in the early 1800s

A

Morphine

29
Q

This is three times as powerful as morphine and discovered in the early 1900s, altering the chemical structure of morphine

A

Heroin

30
Q

These are among the strongest pain relievers available

A

Morphine and heroin

31
Q

The brains own natural pain killers

A

Endorphins

32
Q

_____ disrupts learning and memory. It inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine throughout the CNS

A

Alcohol

33
Q

Depressant drugs with effects similar to those of alcohol. These drugs to suppress the activity of the parts of the brain that control arousal and alertness, often prescribed a sleeping medications or to reduce anxiety

A

Barbiturate

34
Q

Drugs that distort perceptions and conscious experience

A

Hallucinogens

35
Q

A type of hallucinogen That can produce psychotic reaction

A

LSD

36
Q

Although technically classed as a hallucinogen, _____ has some similarities to the presence

A

Marijuana

37
Q

Recently researchers have discovered that the active ingredient of marijuana, a compound called THC, Bynes two neurons in certain regions of the brain, especially with the _____

A

Limbic system

38
Q

_____ develops as a result of changes that occur in the synaptic receptors for the drug

A

Functional tolerance

39
Q

Occurs because the liver also adapt to the repeated use of a particular drug by speeding up the production of enzymes to metabolize the drug

A

Metabolic tolerance

40
Q

When a persons body prepares to counter act the anticipated effects of a drug that is no longer present

A

Withdrawal symptoms

41
Q

When a user seeks to recapture of the good feelings experienced in the early stages of drug use

A

Psychological dependence

42
Q

The drug reward system in the brain is very complex, and is contained primarily with in the part of the brain called the

A

Limbic system

43
Q

Neurons that release of dopamine into an area of the brain called the

A

Nucleus acumen a

44
Q

Dopamine releasing neurons in the ____ and of the ____ play a central role in morphine addiction

A

Central regimental area and the nucleus accumbens

45
Q

A ____ link is suggested by evidence that adopted individuals who have alcoholic biological parents are at increased risk for alcohol abuse

A

Hereditary

46
Q

These are the keys to successful treatment.

A
  1. produce positive incentive value
  2. by slowing me absorption of the drug into the bloodstream for administering an antagonist to block the trans action on the dopamine releasing neurons
47
Q

Mind altering substances are called ____ drugs

A

Psycho active

48
Q

Caffeine is An _____ to the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine because it ____ the acetylcholine’ effect

A

Antagonist, enhances

49
Q

Psychedelic drugs are also called

A

Hallucinogens

50
Q

World wide, the most commonly used psychoactive drugs are

A

Caffeine and alcohol

51
Q

Drug reward system in the brain is found primarily in the

A

Limbic system

Psychology (14 decks)

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