Psycho Active Drugs Flashcards
Mind altering substances
Psycho active drugs
Once in our blood stream, psycho active drugs influence our behavior by altering the function of the
Central nervous system
Over A period of hours, but influence of the drug gradually wears off as the ____ produces enzymes that metabolize the drug
Liver
Enhance the activity of the CNS
Stimulants
Slow down or impair the activity of the CNS
Depressants
Distort the brain’s processing of sensory experiences
Hallucinogens
Drugs that mimic the action of a particular neurotransmitter or facilitate the release of the neurotransmitter
Agonists
Other drugs oppose or block the action of a particular neurotransmitter
Antagonist
Both of these produce their behavioral effects by altering the normal functioning of the neurotransmitters
Agonist and antagonist
Psychoactive drugs that speed up or enhance the activity of the central nervous system
Stimulants
This is the most widely used psychoactive drug, stimulant
Caffeine
Another widely used stimulant is obtained primarily from tobacco
Nicotine
Caffeine and nicotine are both considered agonist for the neurotransmitter ____ , but they use different mechanisms
Acetylcholine (ACh)
These receptors, called nicotinic receptors, control the release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland’s and the release of the neurotransmitters _____ and ___ from neurons in the limbic system
Dopamine and serotonin
Caffeine produces its behavior affects indirectly, by blocking the action of, a neurotransmitter like substance that inhibits the release of other neurotransmitters especially dopamine, norepinephrine and ach
Adenosine
These were discovered in the late 1800s and were used in the 1930s and the 1940s as a treatment for a wide range of medical problems
Amphetamines
Amphetamine abuse became A serious problem in the 1950s and 1960s, especially when it’s more potent forms became available
Dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine a.k.a. speed
At Low doses, 20 to 40 mg, ____ produce increase alertness and a sense of euphoria. Also reduces fatigue
Amphetamines
At high doses, these can cause muscle tremors, insomnia, aggressive outbursts, meaning less behavior and paranoid delusions
Amphetamines
Extracted from the leaves of the coca plant in the form of the white powder
Cocaine
Amphetamines and cocaine are both considered
Dopamine agonists
Causes more Dopamine to be released into the synaptic gap
Amphetamine
Blocks the reabsorption of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron
Cocaine
Behavioral effects of these drugs seem to be produced by the overstimulation of dopamine receptors in the ____, a set a brain structures involved in emotion and motivation
Limbic system
Psycho active drugs that slow down or impair the activity of the central nervous system
Depressants
One class of depressants, often called narcotics, is based on____, A crude extract from the opium poppy
OPium
Throughout recorded history, ___ has been one of the world main substance abuse problems
Opium addiction
This was isolated as a main active in gradient of opium in the early 1800s
Morphine
This is three times as powerful as morphine and discovered in the early 1900s, altering the chemical structure of morphine
Heroin
These are among the strongest pain relievers available
Morphine and heroin
The brains own natural pain killers
Endorphins
_____ disrupts learning and memory. It inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine throughout the CNS
Alcohol
Depressant drugs with effects similar to those of alcohol. These drugs to suppress the activity of the parts of the brain that control arousal and alertness, often prescribed a sleeping medications or to reduce anxiety
Barbiturate
Drugs that distort perceptions and conscious experience
Hallucinogens
A type of hallucinogen That can produce psychotic reaction
LSD
Although technically classed as a hallucinogen, _____ has some similarities to the presence
Marijuana
Recently researchers have discovered that the active ingredient of marijuana, a compound called THC, Bynes two neurons in certain regions of the brain, especially with the _____
Limbic system
_____ develops as a result of changes that occur in the synaptic receptors for the drug
Functional tolerance
Occurs because the liver also adapt to the repeated use of a particular drug by speeding up the production of enzymes to metabolize the drug
Metabolic tolerance
When a persons body prepares to counter act the anticipated effects of a drug that is no longer present
Withdrawal symptoms
When a user seeks to recapture of the good feelings experienced in the early stages of drug use
Psychological dependence
The drug reward system in the brain is very complex, and is contained primarily with in the part of the brain called the
Limbic system
Neurons that release of dopamine into an area of the brain called the
Nucleus acumen a
Dopamine releasing neurons in the ____ and of the ____ play a central role in morphine addiction
Central regimental area and the nucleus accumbens
A ____ link is suggested by evidence that adopted individuals who have alcoholic biological parents are at increased risk for alcohol abuse
Hereditary
These are the keys to successful treatment.
- produce positive incentive value
- by slowing me absorption of the drug into the bloodstream for administering an antagonist to block the trans action on the dopamine releasing neurons
Mind altering substances are called ____ drugs
Psycho active
Caffeine is An _____ to the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine because it ____ the acetylcholine’ effect
Antagonist, enhances
Psychedelic drugs are also called
Hallucinogens
World wide, the most commonly used psychoactive drugs are
Caffeine and alcohol
Drug reward system in the brain is found primarily in the
Limbic system
