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Psychology > Chapter 4 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Everything psychological is simultaneously

A

Biological

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2
Q

The links between biology and behavior are a key part of the

A

Bio psychosocial approach

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3
Q

Scientist that study these links between psychological and biological

A

Biological psychologist

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4
Q

Basic building blocks of the nervous system, nerve cells

A

Neurons

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5
Q

Extensions of the cell body that receive messages

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Parts of the neuron that send messages to other neurons or cells

A

Axon

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7
Q

Some axons are encased in a ____ which enables faster communication

A

Myelin sheath

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8
Q

Provide myelin and support, nourish and protect neurons. They also may play a role in learning and thinking

A

Glial cells

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9
Q

Neurons transmit information in a ____ process

A

Chemistry to electricity

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10
Q

Neurons sends signals down their axons, and this is called

A

Action potentials

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11
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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12
Q

The tiny gap separating a sending neuron from a receiving cell

A

Synapse

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13
Q

Neurons receive incoming signals through dendrites called

A

Excitatory and inhibitory

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14
Q

Neurons fire in this kind of response

A

All or none response

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15
Q

Specific neurotransmitters travel designated pathways in the brain

A

Serotonin and dopamine

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16
Q

Neurotransmitters effect particular behaviors and emotions such as

A

Hunger, movement, and arousal

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17
Q

Natural opiates released in response to pain and intense exercise

A

Endorphins

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18
Q

Drugs and other chemicals affect brain chemistry at

A

Synapses

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19
Q

Nervous system’s two major divisions

A

Central nervous system, the brain spinal cord and a peripheral nervous system, the sensory and motor neurons connecting the CNS to the rest of the body

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20
Q

Communicate with in the brain and spinal cord, between motor neurons and sensory neurons

A

Interneurons

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21
Q

In the PNS, the ___ controls voluntary movement of the skeletal system

A

Somatic nervous system

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22
Q

Controls the involuntary muscles and the glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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23
Q

Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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24
Q

Body’s slower information system that secretes hormones

A

Endocrine system

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25
Q

During stress or danger the ANS activates the fight or flight response from the

A

Adrenal gland’s

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26
Q

The endocrine master gland

A

Pituitary

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27
Q

Triggers sex glands to release hormones

A

Pituitary

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28
Q

This complex feedback system reveals the interplay between the

A

Nervous and endocrine systems

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29
Q

The oldest part of the brain that controls automatic survival functions

A

Brainstem

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30
Q

Controls heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

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31
Q

Just about the medulla and that help coordinate movements

A

Pons

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32
Q

Top of brainstem, acts as brain sensory control center

A

Thalamus

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33
Q

Controls arousal and attention

A

Reticular formation

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34
Q

Rear of brainstem, processes sensory input and coordinates muscle movement

A

Cerebellum

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35
Q

Linked to emotions, drives, and memory

A

Limbic system

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36
Q

Neural centers in limbic system

A

Hippocampus, Amygdala, and hypothalamus

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37
Q

Processes conscious memories

A

Hippocampus

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38
Q

Involved in aggressive and fearful responses

A

Amygdala

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39
Q

Monitors various bodily maintenance activities, contains reward centers, triggers the pituitary to influence other glands

A

Hypothalamus

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40
Q

Cerebral cortex has ____ hemispheres

A

Two

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41
Q

Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex has ___ Lobes

A

Four

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42
Q

The four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe’s, Parietal lobes , Occipital Lobes and temporal lobe’s

43
Q

Located just behind forehead enable speaking, muscle movement, planning and judging

A

Frontal lobe’s

44
Q

Top rear of head, receive sensory input for touch and body position

A

Parietal Lobes

45
Q

Back of head, receive input from the visual fields

A

Occipital Lobes

46
Q

Above the ears, receive input from the ears

A

Temporal lobe

47
Q

At the rear of the frontal lobe’s, controls voluntary muscle movement

A

Motor cortex

48
Q

Front of Parietal lobes, registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

A

Somatosensory cortex

49
Q

Cerebral cortex is mostly ___ which integrate information related to higher level functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.

A

Association areas

50
Q

This allows the brain to modify itself after some types of damage, especially early in life

A

Plasticity

51
Q

Formation of new neurons

A

Neurogenesis

52
Q

A large band of nerve fibers that normally connects the two brain hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

53
Q

If the corpus callosum is surgically severed this results in

A

Split brain

54
Q

Split brain research shows that in most people, the hemispheres are

A

Specialized

55
Q

Left hemisphere of split brain specializes in

A

Verbal processing

56
Q

Right hemisphere of split brain specializes in

A

Visual perception and recognition of emotion

57
Q

Awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

58
Q

Focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. Focus only on a small part of the world

A

Selective attention

59
Q

Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

InAttentional blindness

60
Q

Failing to notice changes in our environment

A

Change blindness

61
Q

Our internal biological clock that regulates the recycles of alertness and sleep

A

Circadian rhythm

62
Q

Nightly sleep cycles every ___ minutes through recovering stages

A

90 minutes

63
Q

Sleep is the brief, near waking sleep with irregular brain waves we enter, after leaving the alpha waves of being awake and relaxed. Hallucinations, such as following are floating, may occur.

A

NREM-1

64
Q

Sleep in which we spend most of our time, it includes characteristic bursts of the rhythmic brain waves. Lengthens as the night goes on.

A

NREM-2

65
Q

Sleep is deep sleep in which large, slow delta waves are you needed. This stage shortens as the night goes on

A

NREM-3

66
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep that is described as a paradoxical sleep stage because of internal arousal but external calm, near paralysis. It includes most dreaming and lengthens as the night goes on.

A

REM

67
Q

Factors that effect sleep patterns

A

Lifespan, genetic, and social cultural

68
Q

Psychologist ____ suggest a possible reasons why sleepy bald

A

5

69
Q

Sleep helps restore and repair damaged

A

Neurons

70
Q

Sleep promotes ___ problem solving the next day

A

Creative

71
Q

During deep sleep, the ___ gland secretes a growth hormone necessary for muscle development

A

Pituitary

72
Q

Sleep helps strengthen __ that build enduring memories

A

Neural connections

73
Q

Sleep may have played a protective role in human ___ by keeping people safe during potential he dangerous.

A

Evolution

74
Q

Causes of sleep loss

A

Fatigue, irritability, impaired concentration, productivity, memory consolidation. Depression, obesity, joint pain surprised immune system, slow performance

75
Q

Major sleep disorders

A

Insomnia , narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, sleep talking and night terrors

76
Q

Reoccurring wakefulness

A

Insomnia

77
Q

Uncontrollable sleepiness or lapsing into REM sleep

A

Narcolepsy

78
Q

The stopping of breathing while asleep

A

Sleep Apnea

79
Q

What we dream of

A

Ordinary events and every day experiences. Dreams are vivid, emotional and often bizarre. Most things are bad dreams a personal failures, dangers or misfortunes

80
Q

Freuds wish fulfillment

A

Provide a psychic safety valve with manifest content acting as a censored version of Latent content, underlying meaning that gratifies our unconscious wishes

81
Q

When dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate them into memory

A

Information processing

82
Q

Regular brain stimulation that may help us develop and preserve neural pathways in the brain

A

Physiological function

83
Q

Brain attempts to make sense of neural static By weaving it into a storyline

A

Neural activation

84
Q

Dreams reflect dreamers cognitive development, their knowledge and understanding

A

Cognitive development

85
Q

A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

A

Biological psychology

86
Q

A nerve cell

A

Neuron

87
Q

Basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

88
Q

Neuron extensions that receive messages and conduct them toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

89
Q

Neuron extension that sends messages to other neurons or cells

A

Axon

90
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Action potential

91
Q

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and neurons

A

Glial cells

92
Q

Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

A

Synapse

93
Q

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse and

A

Threshold

94
Q

Neurons reaction of either firing or not firing

A

All or none response

95
Q

Neuron produced chemicals that cross synapses to carry messages to other neurons or cells

A

Neurotransmitters

96
Q

Chemical, such as opium, morphine, or heroin, that depresses neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiate

97
Q

Natural, opiate like to neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

A

Endorphins

98
Q

The bodies speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells at the central and peripheral nervous system’s

A

Nervous system

99
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

100
Q

Sensory and motor neurons connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body

A

Peripheral Nervous system

101
Q

Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands and sense organs

A

Nerves

102
Q

Neuron that carries incoming information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system

A

Sensory neuron

103
Q

Neuron that carries outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands

A

Motor neuron

104
Q

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and process information between sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Interneurons

Psychology (14 decks)

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