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Psychology > Chapter 3, Development > Flashcards

Chapter 3, Development Flashcards

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1
Q

We morph from child to adult

A

Adolescence

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2
Q

Add a lesson starts with a ___ bodily changes that mark the beginning of sexual maturity

A

Physical event

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3
Q

Adolescence ends with a ____ independent adult status

A

Social event

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4
Q

Adolescence begins with, the time when we mature sexually

A

Puberty

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5
Q

Follows a surge of hormones which may intensify moods and bodily changes

A

Puberty

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6
Q

Girls first menstrual period

A

Menarche

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7
Q

It is not when we mature that counts, but how people react you are

A

Physical development

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8
Q

As teens mature their ___ also continue to develop

A

Frontal lobe’s

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9
Q

Frontal lobe maturation lags behind the development of the

A

EMotional limbic system

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10
Q

This will slow down a teens brain development

A

Alcohol

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11
Q

Frontal lobe’s and other brain regions will continue maturing until about age

A

25

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12
Q

Better communication between the frontal lobe’s another brain regions will bring

A

Improved judgment, impulse control, inability to plan for the long-term

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13
Q

This association joined seven other medical and mental health Associations in filing US supreme court briefs arguing against the death penalty for 16 and 17-year-olds

A

American psychological Association in 2004

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14
Q

This psychologist and law professor argued against teen death penalty

A

Psychologist Lawrence Steinberg and law professor Elizabeth Scott

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15
Q

During early teen years, reasoning is often

A

Self focused

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16
Q

When adolescents reach the intellectual peak jean Piaget called

A

Formal operations

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17
Q

When adolescents are able to think abstractly

A

Formal operations

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18
Q

Jean Piaget and Lawrence Colberg proposed that moral reasoning guides

A

Moral Actions

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19
Q

The thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong

A

Moral reasoning

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20
Q

Three basic levels of moral thinking

A

Preconventional, conventional, and post conventional

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21
Q

Giving priority to one’s own goals

A

Individualism

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22
Q

Self interests, obey rules avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

A

PreConventional morality, before age 9

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23
Q

Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

A

Conventional morality, early adolescence

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24
Q

Actions reflect the belief and basic rights and self define ethical principles

A

Postconventional morality way, adolescents and beyond

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25
Q

According to psychologist Jonathan Haidt, much of Our morality is rooted in

A

Moral intuition

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26
Q

Quick gut feelings

A

Moral intuition

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27
Q

Ericsson believed that the adolescent identity formation followed in young adulthood. By a developing capacity for

A

Intimacy

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28
Q

The ancient Greek philosopher who recognized, we humans are the social animal

A

Aristotle

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29
Q

Children get their ____ from their peers

A

culture

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30
Q

When kids seek out peers with similar attitudes and interests

A

Selection effect

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31
Q

Personality measures, shared environmental influences from the womb typically account for less than ___ of a children’s personality differences

A

10 percent

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32
Q

1960, 3/4 of all US women and 2/3 of all men had left home, remarried and had a child by age

A

30

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33
Q

Today, fewer than half of 30 Year old women and 1/3 of 30 old men have met these five milestones

A

Finish school, left home, became financially independent, married, and had a child

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34
Q

These adults have not yet assumed responsibilities and independence

A

EMerging adulthood

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35
Q

Struggling with trust versus mistrust

A

Infancy

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36
Q

Struggling with a Autonomy versus shame and doubt

A

Toddler hood

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37
Q

Initiative Versus guilt

A

Preschool

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38
Q

Competence versus inferiority

A

Elementary school

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39
Q

Identity versus role confusion

A

Adolescence

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40
Q

Intimacy versus isolation

A

Young adulthood

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41
Q

Generativity versus stagnation

A

Middle adulthood

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42
Q

Integrity versus despair

A

Late adulthood

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43
Q

The second developmental issue

A

Continuity and stages

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44
Q

Cognitive development

A

Jean Piaget

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45
Q

Moral development

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

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46
Q

Psychosocial development

A

Eric Erickson

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47
Q

Adult life does ____ progress through a fixed, predictable series of steps

A

Not

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48
Q

This helps us focus our attention on the forces and interest that affect us at different points in the life span

A

Stage theories

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49
Q

What findings in psychology support the stage theory of development? What findings challenge these ideas?

A

Stage theory is supported by the work of Piaget, cognitive development, Kohlberg, moral development, and Erickson, psychosocial development, but it is challenged by finding that change is more gradual and less culturally universal than these theorists supposed

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50
Q

Delayed __ is a trait that is associated with becoming more socially responsible and productive

A

GRatification

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51
Q

When people instantly find something immoral, such as emotional abuse of a child

A

UnConscious decision making

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52
Q

Roughly 20s and 30s

A

Early adulthood

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53
Q

Age 65

A

Middle adulthood

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54
Q

Years after 65

A

Late adulthood

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55
Q

Our physical abilities, our muscular strength, reaction time, sensory Keeness and cardiac input all crest by

A

Mid 20

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56
Q

In middle adulthood, physical decline is

A

Gradually

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57
Q

Aging also brings a gradual decline in

A

Fertility

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58
Q

The end of the menstrual cycle, usually within a few years of age 50

A

Menopause

59
Q

The chances of getting pregnant after a single act of intercourse Is only half a those little women 19 to 26 for a woman

A

35 to 39

60
Q

A ____ year-old retina receives only about 1/3 as much light as it’s ___ year-old counterpart

A

60, 20

61
Q

A small, gradual net loss of brain cells begins in

A

Early adulthood

62
Q

By age ___ the brain has lost about 5% of its former weight

A

80

63
Q

Brain loss is slower in ___ who made an average of 3.5 years longer than

A

Women, men

64
Q

Which help restrain impulsively, also shrinks which explains old peoples occasional blunt comments and questions

A

Frontal lobe’s

65
Q

Neural processing lag is greatest during complex tasks for

A

Older adults

66
Q

This slows aging

A

Exercise

67
Q

This stimulate brain cell development, neural connections, helps heart disease

A

Exercise

68
Q

Older adults when assigned aerobic exercise exhibit

A

Sharpen judgment, enhance memory and reduce risk of neurocognitive disorder

69
Q

Neurocognitive disorder

A

Dementia

70
Q

Exercise promotes the growth of new nerve cells in the hippocampus

A

Neurogenesis

71
Q

Exercise helps maintain that ____ which protect the ends of chromosomes

A

Telomeres

72
Q

With age ___ where down. Smoking, obesity or stress can speed up this wear

A

Telomeres

73
Q

When growing older, the bodies ___ putting older adults at risk of life-threatening ailments

A

Disease fighting immune system

74
Q

Those over __ suffer few were short term ailments such as common flu and cold viruses

A

65

75
Q

At which point older adults report little sexual desire

A

Age 75

76
Q

___ percent of those surveyed reported being sexually active into their 80s

A

75 %

77
Q

The peak time for some types of learning and remembering

A

Early adulthood

78
Q

Easier to ___ words with than to ___ for older adults

A

Recognize, recall

79
Q

Comparing people of different ages

A

Cross-sectional studies

80
Q

Studying the same people overtime

A

Longitudinal studies

81
Q

The last three or four years of life, the rate of cognitive decline typically increases

A

Terminal decline

82
Q

At every point in life, the brains natural ___ gives us the ability to improve our brains function

A

Plasticity

83
Q

Although the training of brain games improve practice skills in order adults, it did not boost over all

A

Cognitive fitness

84
Q

Forming close relationships

A

Intimacy

85
Q

Being the productive and supporting future generations

A

Generativity

86
Q

Trademark of the human animal

A

Pair bonding

87
Q

Make similar choices of friends, clothes, vacations, jobs and so long.

A

Twins and especially identical twins

88
Q

Given repeated exposure to someone after childhood, you may become attached to almost any available person who has a roughly similar background and level of attractiveness and he returned your affections

A

Romantic love

89
Q

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

A

Self disclosure

90
Q

Only ___ percent of twins recalled liking their co-twins selection and only __ percent said I could have fallen for my twins partner

A

Half, 5

91
Q

People in ___ countries are better educated and marrying later

A

Western

92
Q

A cultures definition of the right time to leave home, married, have children

A

Social clock

93
Q

Freud defined a healthy adult as one who was able to __ and to ___

A

Love, work

94
Q

From ___ to __ people’s sense of identity, confidence and self-esteem typically grow stronger

A

Teens to mid life

95
Q

People over ____ report as much happiness or satisfaction with life as younger people

A

65

96
Q

____ Grow after mid life and ___ feelings define as one grows older

A

Positive, negative

97
Q

The loss of a spouse is five times more for ___ than

A

Women, men

98
Q

What are some of the most significant challenges and rewards of growing old

A

Challenges: decline of muscular strength, reaction times, cardiac output and immune system functioning. Rewards: positive feelings tend to grow, emotions are less intense anger, stress, worry and social relationship problems decrease

99
Q

— research reveals that we experience both stability and change

A

Developmental psychologist

100
Q

Life requires both

A

Stability and change

101
Q

Increasingly marks or personality as we age

A

Stability

102
Q

Gives us our identity

A

Stability

103
Q

What findings in psychology support the idea of stability and personality across the lifespan? What findings challenge these ideas?

A

Some traits, such as temperament, do you exhibit remarkable stability across many years. But we do change in other ways, such as in our social attitudes, especially during life’s early years

104
Q

As soon as overall growth stops, usually in the early 20s, age related physical decline begins

A

Senescence

105
Q

Universal, normal, irreversible changes that occur with time

A

Primary aging

106
Q

Changes that are caused by disease or environmental damage

A

Secondary aging

107
Q

Primary aging involves changes in the individual ___ throughout the body

A

Cells

108
Q

Secondary aging adds another layer changes from environmental events and combine result is

A

Actual experience of aging

109
Q

Signs of aging are often grouped into these three categories

A

Changes in appearance, sensory capabilities and physical functioning

110
Q

Most people become aware of the changes in appearance and sensory capabilities by

A

Middle adulthood

111
Q

At some point in ____ the changes begin to affect people’s lifestyle and behavior

A

Late Adulthood

112
Q

Late adulthood

A

Once people have stopped growing, they start shrinking and this becomes very noticeable in

113
Q

Because of the settling of the vertebrae and compression of The discs most older people or more than an inch shorter than they were during

A

Early adulthood

114
Q

Most older adults appear to shrink and develop a student, a disorder from primary aging called

A

Osteoporosis

115
Q

Decline is most obvious in the two most crucial systems

A

Hearing and vision

116
Q

The normal aging process is responsible for some hearing loss, but even more is caused by environmental factors such as loud noises

A

Difficulties

117
Q

The typical man begins to show hearing loss at age

A

30

118
Q

A typical woman begins showing hearing loss at age

A

50

119
Q

The real problem with hi tone hearing loss occurs in the perception of

A

Human speech

120
Q

Irregularities develop in the cornea or lens

A

Astigmatism

121
Q

The average individuals I completely loses the ability to change the shape of the lens by age

A

50

122
Q

Breakdown of cartilage waiting to join information, stiffness and pain

A

Osteoarthritis

123
Q

Lung capacity declines and many adults develop coronary artery disease involving

A

Astherosclerosis

124
Q

A buildup of fatty deposits on the artery walls

A

Astherosclerosis

125
Q

Bronco smokers eventually develops a chronic disease that further it reduces lung functioning

A

Emphysema

126
Q

Three major issues studied by developmental psychologist

A

Physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan. Nature and nurture, continuity and stages, stability and change

127
Q

How are genetic inheritance interacts with our experiences to influence our development

A

Nature and nurture

128
Q

What parts of development are gradual and continuous and what parts change abruptly in hseparate stages

A

Continuity and stages

129
Q

Which traits persist through life and which change as we age

A

Stability and change

130
Q

At conception, one__ fuses with one egg cell

A

Sperm cell

131
Q

The basic units of heredity that make up chromosomes

A

Genes

132
Q

The threadlike coils of DNA

A

Chromosomes

133
Q

A shared genetic profile that distinguishes each species

A

Genome

134
Q

Heredity and environment ____ to influence development

A

Interact

135
Q

The field of ____ studies how genes guide development as they are expressed in particular environments

A

Epigenetic’s

136
Q

From conception to two weeks, the _____ is in a period of rapid cell development

A

zygote

137
Q

Buy six weeks, the ___ body organs begin to form and function

A

Embryos

138
Q

By nine weeks, the ____ is recognizably human

A

Fetus

139
Q

Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two

A

Identical twins a.k.a. monozygotic twins

140
Q

Develop from separate fertilized eggs

A

Fraternal twins a.k.a. dizygotic twins

141
Q

Potentially harmful agents that can pass through the placental screen and interfere with normal development

A

Teratogens

142
Q

How do you twin and adoption studies help us understand the affects of nurture and nature

A

Studies of separated identical twins allow researchers to maintain the same genes well testing the effects of different home environments. Studies of adopted families let researchers maintain the same home environment while studying the effects of genetic differences

143
Q

What are some of the newborns abilities and traits

A

Sensory systems and reflexes aided their survival and social interactions with adults. They smell in here well and began using their sensory equipment to learn. Inborn temperament, emotional excitability, heavily influences are developing personality

Psychology (14 decks)

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