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CMS! > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

when is typical onset of psychiatric disorders?

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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2
Q

what are the two most common outcomes of a psychiatric disorder?

A
  • chronic

- relapsing/remitting

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3
Q

what % of psychiatric disorders are dealt with in primary care?

A

> 90%

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4
Q

what are two factors that contribute to psychiatric disorder

A
  • polygenic (genetic)

- environmental

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5
Q

name 2 organic disorders?

A
  • dementia

- delirium

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6
Q

what are of the brain is affected by dementia?

A

global issue

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7
Q

what are 4 characteristics of dementia?

A
  • poor memory
  • disorientation
  • poor ability to judge and plan
  • difficulty learning new things
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8
Q

what the outcome for dementia? ie is it curable?

A

it is progressive and persistent

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9
Q

what can slow down the progression of dementia?

A

medication

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10
Q

what should be considered when treating a patient who has dementia?

A
  • capacity to give informed consent? - do they require a certificate of incapacity?
  • may forget to brush teeth etc
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11
Q

what are the 3 stages of alcohol and drug misuse?

A
  • intoxication
  • harmful use (physical harm to self or others)
  • dependence (limits life)
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12
Q

what is the definition of schizophrenia?

A

fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception

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13
Q

what are 5 symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  1. delusions (sometimes bizarre)
  2. auditory hallucinations (usually threatening/derogatory)
  3. thought and feeling disorder
  4. deficits in motivation
  5. poor social skills
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14
Q

what is the prevalence of schizophrenia?

A

1% (1 in 100)

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15
Q

the typical onset of schizophrenia…?

A

early adulthood

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16
Q

what is the treatment of schizophrenia?

A

anti-psychotic drugs + psychosocial/supportive measures

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17
Q

what is the 4 dentally relevant points with schizophrenia?

A
  • psychotic beliefs (ie teeth causing voices in head - take them out!)
  • reduced motivation = poorer oral hygiene & diet
  • increased smoking rates
  • antipsychotic drugs have anti-cholingeric effect = hyposalivation
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18
Q

what % of the population are affected by depression?

A

10%

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19
Q

what are the typical symptoms of depression?

A
  • low mood
  • lack in motivation
  • tiredness/lethargy (unresposiveness)
  • sleep disturbance
  • appetite disturbance
  • poor concentration
  • regular suicidal thoughts
  • loss of self esteem/confidence
  • unreasonable approach to ones self
  • any form of anxiety
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20
Q

depression happens at …. age?

A

any

21
Q

is depression more common in men or women?

A

2/3 x more common in women

22
Q

what is the treatment for depression?

A
  1. antidepressants

2. psychosocial treatment (eg CBT)

23
Q

dental relevance of depression?

A
  • poorer OH
  • poorer diet
  • missed appointments due to
    1. forgetfulness
    2. low motivation
    3. poor concentration
    4. agoraphobic avoidance (irrational fear of open places)
24
Q

what are the symptoms of mania?

A
  • elevated mood
  • distractible
  • irritable
  • disinhibited (unable to relax)
  • increased energy
  • decreased sleep
  • loss of judgement
  • delusions/halucinations
  • lack of insight
  • expansive plans/ideas
  • pressure of speech
25
Q

what is bipolar affective disorder?

A

recurrent episodes of depression and/or mania

26
Q

what is the prevalence of bipolar affective disorder in %?

A

1-3%

27
Q

what are the 3 anxiety disorders?

A
  1. generalised anxiety disorder
  2. panic disorder
  3. phobic anxiety
28
Q

what is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

free floating anxiety surrounding many or all situations

29
Q

what is panic disorder?

A

where a patient experiences extreme UNPREDICABLE anxiety

30
Q

what is phobic disorder?

A

where someone experiences intense anxiety/panic in a specific situation. (ie dentist)

31
Q

what are the physical symptoms of anxiety?

A
  • increased heart rate/palpitations
  • sweating
  • trembling
  • chills/hot flushes
  • choking feeling
  • chest pain/discomfort
  • nausea/abdominal pain
  • dizzy/light-headed/faint
  • parasthesia (numbness/tingling)
  • dry mouth
32
Q

what is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

A

Recurrent obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviour that is recognised by the patient as irrational but cannot be resisted and is usually stressful to the patient.

33
Q

what is stomatoform disorders (stomatisation)?

A

repeated presentation of PHYSICAL symptoms and PERSISTENT REQUESTS by the patient for MEDICAL INVESTIGATIONS in spite of previous negative findings and reassurance that symptoms have no physical basis.

34
Q

4 ways that you may recognise a patient who has stomatoform disorder?

A
  1. frequent dental surgery attendance
  2. inexplicable dental symptoms
  3. high treatment use
  4. unreasonable requests with respect to treatment
35
Q

what is the psychopathology behind eating disorders?

A
  • morbid fear of being fat

- self perception of fatness

36
Q

eating disorders are most common in..

A

young females

37
Q

6 orofacial complications of self-induced vomiting are?

A
  1. dental caries
  2. acid erosion
  3. submandibular lymphadenopathy
  4. enlargement of the parotid gland
  5. reddening of palate
  6. angular cheilitis
38
Q

what is a definition of personality disorders?

A
  • deep engrained patterns of behaviour that are maladaptive and harmful to self or others
39
Q

can personality disorders be treated?

A

not really, they are lifelong and not easily amendable to treatment

40
Q

what are 4 examples of personality disorders?

A
  • dissocial
  • emotionally unstable
  • histrionic
  • anankastic
41
Q

what is histrionic behaviour?

A

attention seeking

42
Q

what is anankastic behaviour?

A

obsessional

43
Q

what is munchausen’s syndrome?

A

where individuals will exaggerate symptoms and present with these to gain access to healthcare, drugs, treatment , attention care etc

44
Q

what is the difference between munchausens syndrome and feightened symptoms?

A

there is usually no clear gain to the patient with munchausens syndrome and it is unknown if they are consciously doing it of not.

45
Q

what is the mental health care and treatment act 2000 (scotland) concerned with?

A

purely management and treatment of psychiatric disorders so unusual to meet in the dental setting

46
Q

what are 3 types of patient will require a certificate of incapacity?

A
  • learning difficulties
  • communication difficulties
  • mental disorders
47
Q

what does this certificate of incapacity enable?

A

treatment can be carried out for the patients best interest even though they may be incapable to give informed consent.

48
Q

even though a patient has a certificate of incapacity what can you not do?

A

carry out treatment against their will

CMS! (23 decks)

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